- Source
- Julius Caesar. Aulus Hirtius. C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII A. Hirti Commentarius VII. Holmes, T. Rice (Thomas Rice), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.72.1-7.72.4
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-02
Caesar describes the details of the highly elaborate double fortification works he constructed at the siege of Alesia, focusing on the first wide trench and the subsequent two trenches, rampart, and breastwork.
Quibus rebus cognitis ex perfugis et captivis, Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit. Fossam pedum viginti directis lateribus1 duxit, ut eius fossae solum tantundem pateret quantum summae fossae labra distarent.2
Having learned these things from deserters and captives, Caesar established the following types of fortification. He dug a trench of twenty feet with vertical sides, so that the bottom of this trench should extend just as far as the edges of the trench at the top were wide apart.
Reliquas omnes munitiones ab ea fossa pedes quadringentos reduxit, [id] hoc consilio, quoniam tantum esset necessario spatium complexus, nec facile totum corpus corona militum cingeretur, ne3 de improviso aut noctu ad munitiones hostium multitudo advolaret aut interdiu tela in nostros operi destinatos conicere possent.
He withdrew all the rest of the fortifications four hundred feet from that trench, with this intention, because he had of necessity enclosed so large a space and the whole circuit could not easily be manned by a ring of soldiers, lest either a multitude of the enemy should suddenly or by night rush up to the fortifications, or by day they should be able to cast weapons at our men who were employed on the work.
Hoc intermisso spatio duas fossas quindecim pedes latas, eadem altitudine perduxit, quarum interiorem campestribus ac demissis locis aqua ex flumine derivata complevit.
Leaving this interval, he drew two trenches fifteen feet broad, of the same depth; the inner of these, in the flat and low places, he filled with water drawn from the river.
Post eas aggerem ac vallum duodecim pedum exstruxit. Huic loricam pinnasque adiecit grandibus cervis eminentibus4 ad commissuras pluteorum atque aggeris, qui ascensum hostium tardarent, et turres toto opere circumdedit, quae pedes LXXX inter se distarent.
Behind these he constructed a rampart and breastwork of twelve feet. To this he added a parapet and battlements, with large “cervi” projecting at the junctions of the screens and the rampart, to delay the ascent of the enemy, and he surrounded the entire work with towers, which were eighty feet apart from one another.
- 7.72.1directis lateribus
Meaning 'with vertical sides.' An ablative of manner or description (or an ablative absolute), indicating that the sides of the trench were dug straight down rather than sloping, which was unusual for military trenches.
- 7.72.1tantundem pateret quantum... distarent
A correlative construction where tantundem (just as much) corresponds to quantum (as), indicating that the width of the bottom of the trench (solum) was equal to that of the top edges (labra). The verb distarent is subjunctive because it is in a subordinate clause within the ut-clause (or as a clause of characteristic).
- 7.72.2[id] hoc consilio, quoniam... ne...
A complex sentence structure where the ablative of purpose/intention [id] hoc consilio is explained by the subsequent ne clause (lest...) at the end of the sentence, with an intervening causal quoniam clause (since...) inserted in between. The quoniam clause itself contains a coordinated clause nec... cingeretur.
- 7.72.4grandibus cervis eminentibus
cervi (literally 'stags') is a military term referring to defensive stakes or chevaux-de-frise made of branched timber resembling stags' horns. eminentibus is a present participle modifying cervis, meaning '(he added a parapet...) with large "cervi" projecting.'