- Source
- Julius Caesar. Aulus Hirtius. C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII A. Hirti Commentarius VII. Holmes, T. Rice (Thomas Rice), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.54.1-7.54.4
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-02
Caesar is informed by Aeduan envoys of Litaviccus's hostile movement, but instead of detaining them, he reminds them of his past services and dismisses them.
Ibi a Viridomaro atque Eporedorige Aeduis appellatus discit cum omni equitatu Litaviccum ad sollicitandos Aeduos profectum: opus esse ipsos antecedere ad confirmandam civitatem.
There, being addressed by the Aeduans Viridomarus and Eporedorix, he learned that Litaviccus had set out with all the cavalry to solicit the Aedui, and that it was necessary for them to go ahead to secure the allegiance of the state.
Etsi multis iam rebus perfidiam Aeduorum perspectam habebat1 atque horum discessu admaturari defectionem civitatis existimabat, tamen eos retinendos non constituit, ne aut inferre iniuriam videretur aut dare timoris aliquam suspicionem. Discedentibus his2 breviter sua in Aeduos merita exposuit, quos et quam humiles accepisset,3 compulsos in oppida, multatos agris omnibus ereptis copiis, imposito stipendio, obsidibus summa cum contumelia extortis, et quam in fortunam quamque in amplitudinem deduxisset, ut non solum in pristinum statum redissent, sed omnium temporum dignitatem et gratiam antecessisse viderentur. His datis mandatis eos ab se dimisit.
Although he had already clearly perceived the treachery of the Aedui from many circumstances, and thought that the defection of the state would be hastened by their departure, yet he determined not to detain them, lest he should either seem to inflict an injury or give some suspicion of fear. To them, as they were departing, he briefly set forth his own services toward the Aedui: in what condition and how humbled he had received them, driven into their towns, deprived of all their lands, stripped of their resources, a tribute imposed upon them, and their hostages extorted with the greatest insult, and to what fortune and what grandeur he had brought them, so that they not only returned to their former state, but seemed to have surpassed the dignity and influence of all previous times. Having given these instructions, he dismissed them from him.
- 7.54.2perspectam habebat
The combination of the verb habeo and the perfect passive participle perspectam (from perspicio) is a periphrastic expression that, instead of a simple pluperfect perspexerat (he had perceived), emphasizes the continued state resulting from the action ('he held [them] perceived'). This construction is a precursor to the auxiliary perfect tenses in Romance languages.
- 7.54.2Discedentibus his
This phrase is not an ablative absolute but the dative of indirect object governed by the main verb exposuit ('he set forth to them as they were departing'). The present participle discedentibus describes an action in progress or about to happen at the moment of departure.
- 7.54.3quos et quam humiles accepisset
This marks the beginning of the indirect question dependent on the main verb exposuit, taking the subjunctive pluperfect accepisset (and deduxisset in the following section). The pronoun quos, though appearing relative, functions here as an interrogative ('whom and in how humbled a state he had received'), forming a double indirect question alongside quam humiles.
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1