- Source
- Julius Caesar. Aulus Hirtius. C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII A. Hirti Commentarius VII. Holmes, T. Rice (Thomas Rice), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:3.19.1-3.19.6
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-27
Sabinus orders a sudden charge against the fatigued and unprepared Gauls, leading to a decisive Roman victory. Consequently, all the Gallic states surrender, illustrating the contrast between their eagerness for war and their lack of resilience in adversity.
Locus erat castrorum editus et paulatim ab imo acclivis circiter passus mille.1 Huc magno cursu contenderunt, ut quam minimum spatii ad se colligendos armandosque2 Romanis daretur, exanimatique pervenerunt.
The situation of the camp was high, and gradually sloping up from the bottom for about a thousand paces. Hither they hastened at a great run, so that as little time as possible might be given to the Romans to collect and arm themselves, and arrived out of breath.
Sabinus suos hortatus cupientibus3 signum dat. Impeditis hostibus propter ea quae ferebant onera subito duabus portis eruptionem fieri iubet.
Sabinus, having encouraged his men, gave the signal to them as they were eager for it. While the enemy were embarrassed by the burdens which they were carrying, he ordered a sudden sally to be made from two gates.
Factum est oportunitate loci, hostium inscientia ac defatigatione, virtute militum et superiorum pugnarum exercitatione, ut4 ne unum quidem nostrorum impetum ferrent ac statim terga verterent.
It came to pass, through the advantage of the ground, the inexperience and fatigue of the enemy, the courage of our soldiers, and their training in former battles, that they could not withstand even one charge of our men, but immediately turned their backs.
Quos impeditos integris viribus milites nostri consecuti magnum numerum eorum occiderunt; reliquos equites consectati paucos, qui ex fuga evaserant, reliquerunt.5
Our soldiers, pursuing them while embarrassed with unimpaired strength, slew a great number of them; the cavalry having pursued the rest, left only a few who had escaped from the flight.
Sic uno tempore et de navali pugna Sabinus et de Sabini victoria Caesar est certior factus, civitatesque omnes se statim Titurio dediderunt.
Thus at one and the same time, Sabinus was informed of the naval battle, and Caesar of Sabinus’s victory; and all the states immediately surrendered themselves to Titurius.
Nam ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum alacer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ac minime resistens ad calamitates ferendas mens eorum est.
For as the mind of the Gauls is quick and ready to undertake wars, so their resolution is soft and least resisting to bear calamities.
- 3.19.1passus mille
Meaning 'a thousand paces' (about a mile), this is an accusative of extent of space, defining the length of the upward slope (acclivis).
- 3.19.1ad se colligendos armandosque
A gerundive construction with the preposition ad expressing purpose ('for collecting and arming themselves'). The reflexive pronoun se refers to the logical subject Romanis.
- 3.19.2cupientibus
Dative plural of the present participle of cupio, agreeing logically with the preceding accusative suos and serving as the indirect object of dat ('gave the signal to them as they were eager').
- 3.19.3Factum est ... ut
A result clause with ut and the subjunctive, introduced by the impersonal factum est ('it came to pass that...'). Multiple ablatives of cause (oportunitate... exercitatione) are inserted between the main verb and the ut-clause.
- 3.19.4reliquos equites consectati paucos ... reliquerunt
The participle consectati is the perfect participle of the deponent verb consector, agreeing with the subject equites. The phrase 'left a few' implies that almost all the remaining enemy were slain or captured.