- Source
- Julius Caesar. Aulus Hirtius. C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII A. Hirti Commentarius VII. Holmes, T. Rice (Thomas Rice), editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1914.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.25.1-2.25.3
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-26
Caesar advanced to the front line himself, taking a shield from a soldier, to reorganize the hard-pressed twelfth legion and ordered them to open their ranks. His personal presence restored the soldiers' morale and temporarily slowed down the enemy's fierce onslaught.
Caesar ab X. legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, ubi suos urgeri signisque in unum locum conlatis XII. legionis confertos milites sibi ipsos ad pugnam esse impedimento1 vidit,2 quartae cohortis omnibus centurionibus occisis signiferoque interfecto, signo amisso, reliquarum cohortium omnibus fere centurionibus aut vulneratis aut occisis, in his primipilo P. Sextio Baculo, fortissimo viro, multis gravibusque vulneribus confecto, ut iam se sustinere non posset, reliquos esse tardiores et non nullos ab novissimis deserto loco proelio excedere ac tela vitare, hostes neque a fronte ex inferiore loco subeuntes intermittere et ab utroque latere instare et rem esse in angusto vidit, neque ullum esse subsidium quod submitti posset, scuto ab novissimis [uni] militi3 detracto, quod ipse eo sine scuto venerat, in primam aciem processit centurionibusque nominatim appellatis reliquos cohortatus milites signa inferre et manipulos laxare iussit, quo4 facilius gladiis uti possent.
Caesar, having proceeded from his encouragement of the tenth legion to the right wing, where he saw his men hard pressed and the soldiers of the twelfth legion, having their standards collected into one place, crowded together so that they themselves were a hindrance to one another for fighting, all the centurions of the fourth cohort being slain and the standard-bearer killed, the standard lost, almost all the centurions of the remaining cohorts either wounded or slain, among these the chief centurion Publius Sextius Baculus, a very brave man, exhausted by many and severe wounds, so that he could no longer support himself, the rest being less active and some from the rear, abandoning their post, withdrawing from the battle and avoiding the missiles, and the enemy not ceasing to come up from the lower ground in front and pressing hard on both sides, and he saw that the situation was in a critical state and that there was no reserve that could be sent, snatching a shield from a soldier in the rear (because he himself had come thither without a shield), he advanced to the front line, and having called the centurions by name and encouraged the rest of the soldiers, he ordered them to advance the standards and open their ranks, so that they might be able to use their swords more easily.
Cuius5 adventu spe inlata militibus ac redintegrato animo, cum pro se quisque in conspectu imperatoris etiam in extremis suis rebus operam navare cuperet, paulum hostium impetus tardatus est.
By his arrival, hope being brought to the soldiers and their courage renewed, since each one, in the sight of the general, desired to do his best even in his utmost danger, the onset of the enemy was delayed a little.
- 2.25.1impedimento
A dative of purpose, which, together with sibi ipsos (functioning as the subject accusative of the infinitive esse), forms a structure similar to a double dative, meaning 'they themselves were a hindrance to themselves'.
- 2.25.1vidit
The verb vidit appears twice: once in the early part of the sentence (inside the ubi clause) and again near the end (after rem esse in angusto). Due to the extremely long structure starting with the subject Caesar and the insertion of numerous ablative absolutes and accusative-with-infinitive clauses, the verb is repeated to restore grammatical clarity. The second vidit serves as the main verb of the entire period.
- 2.25.2militi
Dative of separation. Used with the verb of taking away (detracto) to indicate the person from whom the shield was taken.
- 2.25.2quo
A conjunction introducing a purpose clause containing a comparative (facilius), equivalent to ut eo ('by which the more easily'). The presence of the comparative is the standard reason for using quo instead of ut.
- 2.25.3Cuius
The relative connection (linking relative) referring to Caesar in the previous sentence, equivalent to et eius ('and of him'). Genitive modifying adventu (ablative of cause), meaning 'by his arrival'.