- Source
- Polybius. Vols. 1-4. Büttner-Wobst, Theodor, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1893.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.55.1-4.55.6
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The Polyrrhenians and Lappaeans secured an alliance and auxiliary forces from King Philip and the Achaeans, successfully forcing the Eleuthernaeans and others to defect from the Cnossian alliance. Meanwhile, as Cretan soldiers were dispatched to Greece by both sides, Gortynian exiles seized local harbors and fought against the city.
Πολυρρήνιοι δὲ καὶ Λαππαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ τούτων σύμμαχοι, θεωροῦντες τοὺς Κνωσίους ἀντεχομένους τῆς τῶν Αἰτωλῶν συμμαχίας, τοὺς δʼ Αἰτωλοὺς ὁρῶντες πολεμίους ὄντας τῷ τε βασιλεῖ Φιλίππῳ καὶ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς, πέμπουσι πρέσβεις πρός τε τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς περὶ βοηθείας καὶ συμμαχίας.
The Polyrrhenians and Lappaeans and all their allies, seeing that the Cnossians clung to their alliance with the Aetolians, and seeing that the Aetolians were enemies of both King Philip and the Achaeans, sent ambassadors to the King and the Achaeans to ask for help and an alliance.
οἱ δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ Φίλιππος εἴς τε τὴν κοινὴν συμμαχίαν αὐτοὺς προσεδέξαντο καὶ βοήθειαν ἐξαπέστειλαν, Ἰλλυριοὺς μὲν τετρακοσίους, ὧν ἡγεῖτο Πλάτωρ, Ἀχαιοὺς δὲ διακοσίους, Φωκέας ἑκατόν.
The Achaeans and Philip admitted them into the common alliance and dispatched an auxiliary force of four hundred Illyrians under the command of Plator, two hundred Achaeans, and one hundred Phocians.
οἳ1 καὶ παραγενόμενοι μετʼ οὐ πολὺ πάλιν ἀπέπλευσαν μεγάλην ποιήσαντες ἐπίδοσιν τοῖς Πολυρρηνίοις καὶ τοῖς τούτων συμμάχοις·
These, upon their arrival, after having given a great advantage to the Polyrrhenians and their allies, sailed away again before long;
πάνυ γὰρ ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ τειχήρεις καταστήσαντες2 τούς τʼ Ἐλευθερναίους καὶ Κυδωνιάτας, ἔτι δὲ τοὺς Ἀπτεραίους, ἠνάγκασαν ἀποστάντας τῆς τῶν Κνωσίων συμμαχίας κοινωνῆσαι σφίσι τῶν αὐτῶν ἐλπίδων. τούτων δὲ γενομένων, ἐξαπέστειλαν Πολυρρήνιοι μὲν καὶ μετὰ τούτων οἱ σύμμαχοι Φιλίππῳ καὶ τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς πεντακοσίους Κρῆτας, Κνώσιοι δὲ μικρῷ πρότερον ἐξαπεστάλκεισαν χιλίους τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς. οἳ καὶ συνεπολέμουν ἀμφοτέροις τὸν ἐνεστῶτα πόλεμον.
for in a very short time they shut up the Eleuthernaeans, the Cydonians, and also the Apteraeans within their walls, and forced them to abandon their alliance with the Cnossians and to share the same hopes as themselves. When these things had taken place, the Polyrrhenians and their allies dispatched five hundred Cretans to Philip and the Achaeans, while the Cnossians had a short time before dispatched a thousand to the Aetolians. These Cretans fought along with both parties in the ongoing war.
κατελάβοντο δὲ καὶ τὸν λιμένα τῶν Φαιστίων οἱ τῶν Γορτυνίων φυγάδες· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸν αὐτῶν τῶν Γορτυνίων3 παραβόλως διακατεῖχον, καὶ προσεπολέμουν ἐκ τούτων ὁρμώμενοι τῶν τόπων τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει.
Furthermore, the exiles of the Gortynians seized the harbor of the Phaestians; in like manner they also hazardously held that of the Gortynians themselves, and, using these places as bases, made war against those in the city.
- 4.55.3οἳ
The relative pronoun οἵ is used at the beginning of the sentence to connect clauses (relative connection), functioning like a demonstrative pronoun ('and these / they') referring to the auxiliary forces mentioned in the previous sentence.
- 4.55.4τειχήρεις καταστήσαντες
The adjective τειχήρεις (confined within walls, besieged) is combined with the participle of καθίστημι (to render, to make) to mean 'having rendered them besieged' or 'having shut them up within their walls'.
- 4.55.6τὸν αὐτῶν τῶν Γορτυνίων
A noun is omitted after the definite article τὸν. Contextually, τὸν λιμένα (the harbor) from the preceding clause is understood, referring to 'the harbor of the Gortynians themselves'.