- Source
- Polybius. Vols. 1-4. Büttner-Wobst, Theodor, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1893.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.46.1-4.46.6
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The Gauls establish the kingdom of Tylis near Byzantium, forcing the Byzantines to pay heavy tribute, who then seek financial assistance from other Greek states.
εἰς πᾶν ἦλθον περιστάσεως. οὗτοι δʼ ἐκίνησαν μὲν ἅμα τοῖς περὶ Βρέννον ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας, διαφυγόντες δὲ τὸν περὶ Δελφοὺς κίνδυνον, καὶ παραγενόμενοι πρὸς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, εἰς μὲν τὴν Ἀσίαν οὐκ ἐπεραιώθησαν, αὐτοῦ δὲ κατέμειναν διὰ τὸ φιλοχωρῆσαι τοῖς περὶ τὸ Βυζάντιον τόποις.
They came into the utmost extremity of danger. These Gauls had set out from their own country along with those under Brennus, and having escaped the danger at Delphi, and having arrived at the Hellespont, they did not cross over into Asia, but remained there owing to their fondness for the districts around Byzantium.
οἳ1 καὶ κρατήσαντες τῶν Θρᾳκῶν, καὶ κατασκευασάμενοι βασίλειον τὴν Τύλιν, εἰς ὁλοσχερῆ κίνδυνον ἦγον τοὺς Βυζαντίους.
And having also overcome the Thracians, and established Tylis as their capital, they brought the Byzantines into complete danger.
κατὰ μὲν οὖν τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐν ταῖς ἐφόδοις αὐτῶν ταῖς κατὰ Κομοντόριον τὸν πρῶτον βασιλεύσαντα δῶρα διετέλουν οἱ Βυζάντιοι διδόντες ἀνὰ τρισχιλίους καὶ πεντακισχιλίους, ποτὲ δὲ καὶ μυρίους χρυσοῦς, ἐφʼ ᾧ μὴ καταφθείρειν2 τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν.
At first, therefore, during their invasions under Comontorius, their first king, the Byzantines continued to give them presents of three thousand and five thousand, and sometimes even ten thousand gold pieces, on the condition that they should not ravage their territory.
τέλος δʼ ἠναγκάσθησαν ὀγδοήκοντα τάλαντα συγχωρῆσαι φόρον τελεῖν κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕως εἰς Καύαρον,3 ἐφʼ οὗ κατελύθη μὲν ἡ βασιλεία, τὸ δὲ γένος αὐτῶν ἐξεφθάρη πᾶν, ὑπὸ Θρᾳκῶν ἐκ μεταβολῆς ἐπικρατηθέν.
But finally they were forced to agree to pay a yearly tribute of eighty talents, until the time of Cavarus, under whom the kingdom was indeed abolished, and their whole race was completely destroyed, being conquered in turn by the Thracians.
ἐν οἷς καιροῖς ὑπὸ τῶν φόρων πιεζούμενοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπρέσβευον πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, δεόμενοι σφίσι βοηθεῖν καὶ συγχορηγεῖν εἰς τοὺς περιεστῶτας καιρούς·
During these times, being hard pressed by the tribute, they at first sent embassies to the Greeks, begging them to help them and contribute to the expenses of their critical situation;
τῶν δὲ πλείστων παρολιγωρούντων, ἐνεχείρησαν ἀπαναγκασθέντες παρ
but since most of them paid no attention, they attempted, being forced, from...
- 4.46.2οἳ
The relative pronoun οἳ at the beginning of the sentence is used transitionally ('and they') to connect the sentences and refer back to the Gauls mentioned previously.
- 4.46.3ἐφʼ ᾧ μὴ καταφθείρειν
The construction ἐφ' ᾧ (preposition ἐπί + dative relative pronoun) followed by the infinitive (here καταφθείρειν) expresses a condition or agreement ('on the condition that they would not ravage'). μή is used for negation.
- 4.46.4ἕως εἰς Καύαρον
The prepositional phrase εἰς Καύαρον (up to Cavarus) follows the conjunction/preposition ἕως, where the person's name represents the duration of his reign or his era ('until the time of Cavarus').