- Source
- Polybius. Vols. 1-4. Büttner-Wobst, Theodor, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1893.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.19.1-3.19.13
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-11
The Roman army defeated the Illyrians by trapping them in a pincer movement and completely subdued Pharos. Demetrius fled to Macedonia, while the Roman general Aemilius returned to Rome in triumph.
βασιν τῶν ὑπεναντίων. ἅμα δὲ τῷ συμμῖξαι1 γινομένης ἰσχυρᾶς τῆς συμπλοκῆς προσεβοήθουν ἀεὶ πλείους τῶν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως· τέλος δὲ πάντες ἐξεχύθησαν εἰς τὸν κίνδυνον.
landing of the enemy. And at the moment of their meeting, as a fierce conflict took place, more and more came out from the city to support them; and finally they were all poured out into the danger.
τῶν δὲ Ῥωμαίων οἱ τῆς νυκτὸς2 ἀποβάντες εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον συνῆψαν, διὰ τόπων ἀδήλων ποιούμενοι τὴν πορείαν.
Meanwhile, those of the Romans who had landed during the night joined them at this critical moment, making their way through hidden places.
καὶ καταλαβόμενοι μεταξὺ τῆς πόλεως καὶ τοῦ λιμένος λόφον ἐρυμνὸν διέκλεισαν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως τοὺς ἐκβεβοηθηκότας.
And having occupied a strong hill between the city and the harbor, they cut off from the city those who had rushed out to help.
οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Δημήτριον συννοήσαντες τὸ γεγονὸς τοῦ μὲν διακωλύειν3 τοὺς ἀποβαίνοντας ἀπέστησαν, συναθροίσαντες δὲ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς καὶ παρακαλέσαντες ὥρμησαν, κρίναντες ἐκ παρατάξεως διακινδυνεύειν πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον.
Demetrius and his men, realizing what had happened, desisted from preventing those who were landing, and having gathered themselves together and encouraged one another, they advanced, resolving to risk a battle in regular array against those on the hill.
οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι θεωροῦντες τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Ἰλλυριῶν ἐνεργὸν καὶ συντεταγμένην ἀντέπεσαν ταῖς σπείραις καταπληκτικῶς.
The Romans, seeing the attack of the Illyrians to be vigorous and well-ordered, met them with their cohorts in a formidable manner.
ἅμα δὲ τοῖς προειρημένοις οἱ πεποιημένοι τὴν ἀπόβασιν ἀπὸ τῶν πλοίων, συνορῶντες τὸ γινόμενον, προσέκειντο κατόπιν· καὶ πανταχόθεν προσπίπτοντες θόρυβον καὶ ταραχὴν οὐ μικρὰν ἐν τοῖς Ἰλλυριοῖς κατεσκεύαζον.
At the same time, those who had landed from the ships, seeing what was going on, fell upon them from behind; and by attacking from all sides they caused no small panic and confusion among the Illyrians.
ἐξ οὗ τῶν μὲν κατὰ πρόσωπον τῶν δὲ κατὰ νώτου πονούντων, τέλος οἱ περὶ τὸν Δημήτριον ἐτράπησαν· καὶ τινὲς μὲν αὐτῶν ἔφυγον ὡς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, οἱ δὲ πλείους ἀνοδίᾳ κατὰ τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν.
As a consequence of this, being hard pressed in front and in the rear, Demetrius and his men were at length routed; some of them fled toward the city, but the majority dispersed through the roadless parts of the island.
ὁ δὲ Δημήτριος ἔχων ἑτοίμους λέμβους πρὸς τὸ συμβαῖνον ἔν τισι τόποις ἐρήμοις ὑφορμοῦντας ἐπὶ τούτους ἐποιήσατο τὴν ἀποχώρησιν. εἰς οὓς ἐμβὰς ἐπιγενομένης τῆς νυκτὸς ἀπέπλευσε καὶ διεκομίσθη παραδόξως πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα Φίλιππον, παρʼ ᾧ τὸ λοιπὸν διέτριβε τοῦ βίου μέρος, ἀνὴρ θράσος μὲν καὶ τόλμαν κεκτημένος, ἀλόγιστον δὲ ταύτην καὶ τελέως ἄκριτον.
But Demetrius, having some light vessels ready for any emergency anchored in certain secluded spots, made his retreat to these; embarking on them, he sailed away when night fell and, contrary to all expectation, made his escape to King Philip, with whom he spent the remainder of his life. He was a man of great boldness and daring, but these qualities were irrational and entirely lacking in judgment.
διὸ καὶ τὴν καταστροφὴν παραπλησίαν αὐτῷ συνέβη4 γενέσθαι τῇ κατὰ τὸν ὅλον βίον προαιρέσει.
For this reason, it happened that his end was very similar to the general purpose of his whole life.
καταλαβέσθαι γὰρ ἐγχειρήσας μετὰ τῆς Φιλίππου γνώμης τὴν τῶν Μεσσηνίων πόλιν εἰκῇ καὶ παραβόλως ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ τῆς πράξεως καιρῷ διεφθάρη· περὶ ὧν ἡμεῖς τὰ κατὰ μέρος, ὅταν ἐπὶ τοὺς καιροὺς ἔλθωμεν, διασαφήσομεν.
For having attempted, with the approval of Philip, to seize the city of the Messenians in a reckless and hazardous manner, he was killed in the very midst of the action. We shall, however, explain these matters in detail when we come to the proper time.
ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τῶν Ῥωμαίων Αἰμίλιος τὴν μὲν Φάρον εὐθέως ἐξ ἐφόδου παραλαβὼν κατέσκαψε, τῆς δὲ λοιπῆς Ἰλλυρίδος ἐγκρατὴς γενόμενος καὶ πάντα διατάξας κατὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ προαίρεσιν μετὰ ταῦτα ληγούσης ἤδη τῆς θερείας εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἐπανῆλθεν καὶ τὴν εἴσοδον ἐποιήσατο μετὰ θριάμβου καὶ τῆς ἁπάσης εὐδοξίας.
The Roman general Aemilius, having taken Pharos immediately at the first assault, razed it to the ground; and after securing the rest of Illyria and arranging everything according to his own policy, he returned to Rome toward the close of summer, and made his entry in triumph and with the highest reputation.
ἐδόκει γὰρ οὐ μόνον ἐπιδεξίως, ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον ἀνδρωδῶς κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς πράγμασιν.
For he was thought to have conducted the campaign not only with skill, but still more with courage.
- 3.19.1ἅμα δὲ τῷ συμμῖξαι
The preposition 'ἅμα' followed by the dative articular infinitive ('τῷ συμμῖξαι') means 'at the same time as...'. The infinitive 'συμμῖξαι' is used intransitively to mean 'to clash', with its logical subject (both armies) omitted as it is clear from the context.
- 3.19.2τῆς νυκτὸς
Genitive of time, meaning 'during the night' or 'by night'.
- 3.19.4τοῦ μὲν διακωλύειν
The verb 'ἀπέστησαν' (second aorist of 'ἀφίστημι') means 'to desist from' or 'to cease', which takes a genitive of separation, here represented by the articular infinitive 'τοῦ διακωλύειν'.
- 3.19.10συνέβη
The impersonal verb 'συνέβη' (it happened, it turned out) is followed by an accusative and infinitive construction, where 'τὴν καταστροφὴν' is the subject accusative of 'γενέσθαι', and 'παραπλησίαν' is a predicate adjective agreeing with 'τὴν καταστροφὴν'.