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The Histories

§16.5.1-16.5.9

Theophiliscos's Struggle and the Division of Battle

Three Rhodian quinqueremes face extreme danger, and Theophiliscos barely saves his own vessel with the help of Philostratos. The battle split into two widely separated naval encounters due to the maneuvers of Philip's fleet.

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§16.5.1

ἐπιφανέστατα δʼ ἐκινδύνευσαν τρεῖς πεντήρεις τῶν Ῥοδίων, ἥ τε ναυαρχίς, ἐφʼ ἧς ἔπλει Θεοφιλίσκος, μετὰ δὲ ταύτην ἧς ἐτριηράρχει Φιλόστρατος, τρίτη δʼ1 ἣν ἐκυβέρνα μὲν Αὐτόλυκος, ἐπέπλει δὲ Νικόστρατος.

​Those that fought in the most distinguished manner were three quinqueremes of the Rhodians: the flagship on which Theophiliscos sailed, next after this the one of which Philostratos was trierarch, and thirdly the one which Autolycos steered and on which Nicostratos was embarked.

§16.5.2

ταύτης2 γὰρ ἐμβαλούσης εἰς πολεμίαν ναῦν καὶ καταλιπούσης ἐν τῷ σκάφει τὸν ἔμβολον, συνέβη δὴ τὴν μὲν πληγεῖσαν αὔτανδρον καταδῦναι, τοὺς δὲ περὶ τὸν Αὐτόλυκον, εἰσρεούσης εἰς τὴν ναῦν τῆς θαλάττης διὰ τῆς πρώρρας, κυκλωθέντας ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων τὰς μὲν ἀρχὰς ἀγωνίζεσθαι3 γενναίως, τέλος δὲ τὸν μὲν Αὐτόλυκον ἐκπεσεῖν τρωθέντα μετὰ τῶν ὅπλων εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐπιβάτας ἀποθανεῖν μαχομένους γενναίως. ἐν ᾧ καιρῷ Θεοφιλίσκος, βοηθήσας μετὰ τριῶν πεντήρων, τὴν μὲν ναῦν οὐκ ἠδυνήθη σῶσαι διὰ τὸ πλήρη θαλάττης εἶναι, δύο δὲ ναῦς πολεμίας τρώσας τοὺς ἐπιβάτας ἐξέβαλε.

​For when this latter vessel rammed an enemy ship and left its ram inside her hull, it came about indeed that the stricken ship sank with all hands, while Autolycos and his men—as the sea was flowing into their ship through the prow and they were surrounded by the enemy—at first fought bravely, ​but in the end Autolycos, having been wounded, fell into the sea with his armor, and the remaining marines died fighting courageously. At this juncture, Theophiliscos, ​having come to their assistance with three quinqueremes, was unable to save the ship because it was full of water, but after disabling two enemy ships, he drove off their marines.

§16.5.5

ταχὺ δὲ περιχυθέντων αὐτῷ λέμβων πλειόνων καὶ καταφράκτων νεῶν, τοὺς μὲν πλείστους ἀπέβαλε τῶν ἐπιβατῶν ἐπιφανῶς ἀγωνισαμένους, αὐτὸς δὲ τρία τραύματα λαβὼν καὶ παραβόλως τῇ τόλμῃ κινδυνεύσας μόλις ἐξέσωσε τὴν ἰδίαν ναῦν ἐπιβοηθήσαντος αὐτῷ Φιλοστράτου καὶ συναναδεξαμένου τὸν ἐνεστῶτα κίνδυνον εὐψύχως.

​But when more lembi and decked ships quickly swarmed around him, he lost most of his marines, who had fought with distinction. ​Having himself received three wounds and hazarded his life with reckless daring, he barely saved his own ship, thanks to Philostratos who came to his aid and shared the pressing danger with high courage.

§16.5.7

συνάψας δὲ τοῖς αὑτοῦ σκάφεσι πάλιν ἐξ ἄλλης ὁρμῆς συνεπλέκετο τοῖς πολεμίοις, τῇ μὲν σωματικῇ δυνάμει παραλυόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν τραυμάτων, τῇ δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς γενναιότητι λαμπρότερος ὢν καὶ παραστατικώτερος ἢ πρόσθεν.

​Joining his own vessels once more, he engaged the enemy again with another onset, being disabled in physical strength by his wounds, but in the nobility of his soul being more splendid and resolute than before.

§16.5.8

συνέβη δὲ δύο γενέσθαι ναυμαχίας πολὺ διεστώσας ἀλλήλων· τὸ μὲν γὰρ δεξιὸν κέρας τοῦ Φιλίππου κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς πρόθεσιν ἀεὶ τῆς γῆς ὀρεγόμενον οὐ μακρὰν ἀπεῖχε τῆς Ἀσίας, τὸ δʼ εὐώνυμον διὰ τὸ παραβοηθῆσαι τοῖς ἐπὶ τῆς οὐραγίας ἐξ ὑποστροφῆς οὐ πολὺ τῆς Χίας ἀπέχον ἐναυμάχει τοῖς Ῥοδίοις.

​Now it happened that two sea fights took place at a great distance from one another; for Philip’s right wing, always making for the land according to their original intention, was not far from Asia, ​while the left, having turned back to bring assistance to those in the rear, was fighting the Rhodians at no great distance from Chios.

Syntax notes3 items
  1. 16.5.1τρεῖς πεντήρεις ... ἥ τε ναυαρχίς ... τρίτη δʼ

    To the numeral 'τρεῖς πεντήρεις' (three quinqueremes), the specific list of the three ships is annexed in apposition: first 'ἥ τε ναυαρχίς...' (the flagship), second 'μετὰ δὲ ταύτην...' (the one after it, modified by the relative clause starting with 'ἧς'), and third 'τρίτη δʼ...' (the third one).

  2. 16.5.2ταύτης

    A demonstrative pronoun in the feminine genitive singular, referring to 'the third ship' mentioned at the end of section 1. It acts as the subject of the genitive absolute construction with the aorist participles 'ἐμβαλούσης' and 'καταλιπούσης'.

  3. 16.5.2συνέβη δὴ τὴν μὲν πληγεῖσαν ... καταδῦναι, τοὺς δὲ ... ἀγωνίζεσθαι

    Four accusative-with-infinitive clauses, contrasted by 'μὲν' and 'δέ', are governed as the subject of the impersonal verb 'συνέβη' (it happened that...): namely, 'καταδῦναι' (to sink) and 'ἀγωνίζεσθαι' (to fight) in 16.5.2, followed by 'ἐκπεσεῖν' (to fall out) and 'ἀποθανεῖν' (to die) in 16.5.3.

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
  • 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.5.1-16.5.9