- Source
- Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.52.1-8.52.6
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-31
Pausanias marks the death of Philopoemen as the end of the era of great men in Greece, reviewing the succession of benefactors of the whole of Greece starting from Miltiades. He then quotes the epigram dedicated to Philopoemen in Tegea.
καὶ ἤδη τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν φορὰν ἔληξεν1 ἡ Ἑλλάς. Μιλτιάδης μὲν γὰρ ὁ Κίμωνος τούς τε ἐς Μαραθῶνα ἀποβάντας τῶν βαρβάρων κρατήσας μάχῃ καὶ τοῦ πρόσω τὸν Μήδων ἐπισχὼν στόλον ἐγένετο εὐεργέτης πρῶτος κοινῇ τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Φιλοποίμην δὲ ὁ Κραύγιδος ἔσχατος· οἱ δὲ πρότερον Μιλτιάδου λαμπρὰ ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενοι, Κόδρος τε ὁ Μελάνθου καὶ ὁ Σπαρτιάτης Πολύδωρος καὶ Ἀριστομένης ὁ Μεσσήνιος καὶ εἰ δή τις ἄλλος, πατρίδας ἕκαστοι τὰς αὑτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόαν φανοῦνται τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὠφελήσαντες.2
And from this time forward, Greece ceased to yield a crop of good men. For Miltiades, the son of Cimon, by defeating the barbarians who had landed at Marathon in battle and holding back the advancing fleet of the Medes, became the first benefactor of Greece as a whole, while Philopoemen, the son of Craugis, was the last. For those who displayed brilliant deeds before Miltiades—Codrus the son of Melanthus, Polydorus the Spartan, Aristomenes the Messenian, and any other there may have been—will be seen to have benefited each their own homeland and not Greece as a whole.
Μιλτιάδου δὲ ὕστερον Λεωνίδας ὁ Ἀναξανδρίδου καὶ Θεμιστοκλῆς ὁ Νεοκλέους ἀπώσαντο ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ξέρξην, ὁ μὲν ταῖς ναυμαχίαις ἀμφοτέραις, Λεωνίδας δὲ ἀγῶνι τῷ ἐν Θερμοπύλαις. Ἀριστείδην δὲ τὸν Λυσιμάχου3 καὶ Παυσανίαν τὸν Κλεομβρότου Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένους, τὸν μὲν τὰ ὕστερον ἀφείλετο ἀδικήματα εὐεργέτην μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Ἀριστείδην δὲ ὅτι ἔταξε φόρους τοῖς τὰς νήσους ἔχουσιν Ἕλλησι· πρὸ Ἀριστείδου δὲ ἦν ἅπαν τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἀτελὲς φόρων.
After Miltiades, Leonidas, the son of Anaxandrides, and Themistocles, the son of Neocles, drove Xerxes out of Greece, the latter by both sea-fights, and Leonidas by the battle at Thermopylae. As for Aristides, the son of Lysimachus, and Pausanias, the son of Cleombrotus, who commanded at Plataea, the subsequent wrongdoings of the latter prevented him from being named a benefactor of Greece, and in the case of Aristides, the fact that he imposed taxes on the Greeks who held the islands; for before Aristides all the Greek world was free from taxation.
Ξάνθιππος δὲ ὁ Ἀρίφρονος καὶ Κίμων, ὁ μὲν ὁμοῦ Λεωτυχίδῃ τῷ βασιλεύοντι ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὸ Μήδων ναυτικὸν ἔφθειρεν ἐν Μυκάλῃ, Κίμωνι δὲ πολλὰ καὶ ἄξια ζήλου κατειργασμένα ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἑλλήνων. τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πελοποννησιακοῦ4 πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πολέμου, καὶ μάλιστα αὐτῶν τοὺς εὐδοκιμήσαντας, φαίη τις ἂν αὐτόχειρας καὶ ὅτι ἐγγύτατα καταποντιστὰς εἶναι σφᾶς τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
Xanthippus, the son of Ariphron, and Cimon—the former, together with Leotychides who was king in Sparta, destroyed the fleet of the Medes at Mycale, while by Cimon many deeds worthy of emulation were achieved for the Greeks. But as for those in the Peloponnesian War against the Athenians, especially those among them who won high reputation, one might say that they were the self-destroyers and very nearly the sinkers of Greece.
κεκακωμένον δὲ ἤδη τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν Κόνων ὁ Τιμοθέου καὶ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀνεκτήσατο ὁ Πολύμνιδος, ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῶν νήσων καὶ ὅσα ἐγγυτάτω θαλάσσης, Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ ἐκ τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω Λακεδαιμονίων τὰς φρουρὰς καὶ ἁρμοστὰς ἐκβαλόντες5 καὶ δεκαδαρχίας καταπαύσαντες· Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ καὶ πόλεσιν οὐκ ἀφανέσι, Μεσσήνῃ καὶ Μεγάλῃ πόλει τῇ Ἀρκάδων, λογιμωτέραν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐποίησεν.
When the Greek nation had already been brought low, Conon, the son of Timotheus, and Epaminondas, the son of Polymnis, recovered it, the former by expelling the garrisons and harmosts of the Lacedaemonians and putting an end to the decarchies from the islands and those places closest to the sea, and Epaminondas doing the same from the cities inland away from the sea; and Epaminondas also, by means of cities of no small renown, Messene and Megalopolis of the Arcadians, made Greece more illustrious.
εἶναι δὲ ἁπάντων Ἑλλήνων καὶ Λεωσθένην τίθεμαι καὶ Ἄρατον εὐεργέτας· ὁ μέν γε τὸ Ἑλλήνων μισθοφορικὸν τὸ ἐν Πέρσαις περὶ πέντε που μυριάδας ἐπὶ θάλασσαν καταβάντας ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀνέσωσε καὶ ἄκοντος Ἀλεξάνδρου· τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἄρατον ἐδήλωσε δή μοι τοῦ λόγου τὰ ἐς Σικυωνίους.
And I place both Leosthenes and Aratus among the benefactors of all the Greeks; for the former saved and brought back by ship to Greece, even against the will of Alexander, the Greek mercenary force in Persia, numbering about fifty thousand, when they had come down to the sea; and the history of Aratus has already been shown by me in the part of my narrative concerning the Sicyonians.
τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῷ Φιλοποίμενι τὸ ἐν Τεγέᾳ· "τοῦδʼ ἀρετὰ καὶ δόξα καθʼ Ἑλλάδα, πολλὰ μὲν ἀλκαῖς, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ βουλαῖς ἔργα πονησαμένου, Ἀρκάδος αἰχμητᾶ Φιλοποίμενος, ᾧ μέγα κῦδος ἕσπετʼ ἐνὶ πτολέμῳ δούρατος ἁγεμόνι. μανύει δὲ τρόπαια τετυγμένα δισσὰ τυράννων Σπάρτας· αὐξομέναν δʼ ἄρατο δουλοσύναν. ὧν ἕνεκεν Τεγέα μεγαλόφρονα Κραύγιδος υἱόν στᾶσεν, ἀμωμήτου κράντορʼ ἐλευθερίας." τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἐπίγραμμα·
And the epigram on Philopoemen at Tegea is as follows: “This man’s virtue and glory are through Greece, who achieved many deeds by his prowess of arms, and many also by his counsels, the Arcadian spearman Philopoemen, whom great glory followed in war as leader of the spear. The two trophies raised over the tyrants of Sparta proclaim it; and he warded off the growing slavery. For which things Tegea set up the high-minded son of Craugis, the champion of blameless liberty.” This, then, is the epigram there.
- 8.52.1ἐς ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν φορὰν ἔληξεν
The noun φορά, originally 'carrying', here metaphorically denotes 'crop', 'yield', or 'produce'. Combined with the verb λήγω (to cease, leave off), it signifies that Greece ceased to yield or produce outstanding men.
- 8.52.1φανοῦνται... ὠφελήσαντες
While φαίνομαι with an infinitive means 'to seem to do (but perhaps not in reality)', with a participle (here ὠφελήσαντες) it means 'to be shown/proved to have done (as a matter of fact)'. The future tense φανοῦνται points to the conclusion the reader will arrive at upon examination.
- 8.52.2Ἀριστείδην δὲ τὸν Λυσιμάχου...
The accusatives Ἀριστείδην... and Παυσανίαν... are proleptic, standing at the head of the sentence before being resolved into separate clauses. For Pausanias, the verb ἀφείλετο takes a double accusative/infinitive construction (preventing him from being named a benefactor). For Aristides, the subject is the ὅτι clause ('the fact that he imposed taxes...'), with the verb ἀφείλετο understood from the previous clause.
- 8.52.3τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ Πελοποννησιακοῦ...
The accusative phrase τοὺς δὲ... at the start acts as the logical subject, which is then resumed in the accusative infinitive construction as σφᾶς (referring to the Greek leaders themselves). Both αὐτόχειρας and καταποντιστὰς function as predicate accusatives with εἶναι.
- 8.52.4ὁ μὲν... Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ... ἐκβαλόντες
Although the subjects are introduced individually in the singular (ὁ μὲν... Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ...), the subsequent participles ἐκβαλόντες and καταπαύσαντες are in the nominative plural, agreeing with the logical combined subject (Conon and Epaminondas) in a construction according to sense (synthesis / schema ad sensum).