- Source
- Pausanias. Pausaniae Graeciae descriptio, Volumes 1-3. Spiro, Friedrich, editor. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.6.1-3.6.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-24
Following the death of Agesipolis, Cleombrotus inherits the kingship but falls at Leuctra. The narrative then details the succession disputes of the royal houses and the deposition and restoration of Leonidas.
Ἀγησιπόλιδος δὲ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος ἐς Κλεόμβροτον περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχή, καὶ ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι τούτῳ Βοιωτοῖς ἐναντία ἠγωνίσαντο ἐν Λεύκτροις· Κλεόμβροτος δὲ αὐτὸς γενόμενος ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς ἀρχομένης ἔτι ἔπεσε τῆς μάχης. μάλιστα δέ πως ἐπὶ πταίσμασιν ἐθέλει μεγάλοις προαφαιρεῖσθαι τὸν ἡγεμόνα1 ὁ δαίμων, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηναίων ἀπῆγεν Ἱπποκράτην τε τὸν Ἀρίφρονος στρατηγοῦντα ἐπὶ Δηλίῳ καὶ ὕστερον ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ Λεωσθένην.
Since Agesipolis died without children, the rule came to Cleombrotus, and under this leader they fought against the Boeotians at Leuctra; Cleombrotus himself, having proved a brave man, fell while the battle was still beginning. Indeed, the deity somehow wishes to carry off the leader beforehand especially in the face of great disasters, just as he took away Hippocrates the son of Ariphron, who was commanding the Athenians at Delium, and later Leosthenes in Thessaly.
Κλεομβρότου δὲ ὁ μὲν πρεσβύτερος τῶν παίδων Ἀγησίπολις παρέσχετο μέγα οὐδὲν ἐς μνήμην, Κλεομένης δὲ ὁ νεώτερος μετὰ τὸν ἀδελφὸν τελευτήσαντα ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν. γενομένων δὲ αὐτῷ παίδων Ἀκροτάτου καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Κλεωνύμου κατήγαγε τὸ χρεὼν2 Ἀκρότατον ἔτι πρότερον ἢ αὐτὸν Κλεομένην, καὶ ὡς Κλεομένης ἀπέθανεν ὕστερον, ἐς ἀντιλογίαν ἀφίκοντο ὑπὲρ τῆς βασιλείας Κλεώνυμός τε ὁ Κλεομένους καὶ Ἀρεὺς ὁ Ἀκροτάτου. δικάζουσιν οὖν οἱ γέροντες Ἀρεῖ τῷ Ἀκροτάτου καὶ οὐχὶ Κλεωνύμῳ πατρῴαν εἶναι τὴν τιμήν.
Of the children of Cleombrotus, the elder, Agesipolis, left nothing great for remembrance, but Cleomenes, the younger, held the rule after his brother died. When sons were born to him, Acrotatus and after him Cleonymus, fate carried Acrotatus off even before Cleomenes himself, and when Cleomenes died later, Cleonymus the son of Cleomenes and Areus the son of Acrotatus came into a dispute over the kingdom. Therefore, the elders decided for Areus the son of Acrotatus, and not for Cleonymus, that the ancestral honor belonged to him.
Κλεωνύμῳ δὲ ἀπελαθέντι τῆς βασιλείας3 περισσῶς δή τι ὁ θυμὸς ᾤδει, καὶ αὐτὸν οἱ ἔφοροι καὶ ἄλλοις γέρασι ψυχαγωγοῦντες καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἐφιστάντες ἄρχοντα παρῆγον μή ποτε πολέμιον γενέσθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ. τέλος δὲ ὁ μὲν πολλά τε καὶ ἐχθρὰ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ἐτόλμησε καὶ Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου σφίσιν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς τὴν χώραν·
Cleonymus, having been driven from the kingdom, was exceedingly swollen with anger, and the ephors, soothing him with other privileges and appointing him as a commander over their forces, tried to lead him away from ever becoming an enemy to Sparta. But in the end, he dared many hostile things against his country and brought Pyrrhus the son of Aeacides into their land.
Ἀρέως δὲ ἐν Σπάρτῃ τοῦ Ἀκροτάτου βασιλεύοντος Ἀντίγονος ὁ Δημητρίου πεζῷ τε καὶ ναυσὶν ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας στρατεύει. τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἀμυνοῦντες ἀφίκοντο μὲν ὁ Αἰγυπτίων ὁμοῦ Πατρόκλῳ στόλος, ἐξίασι δὲ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πανδημεί, τὸν βασιλέα ἡγεῖσθαί σφισιν Ἀρέα ἐπιτάξαντες.
While Areus the son of Acrotatus was king in Sparta, Antigonus the son of Demetrius made an expedition against Athens with both infantry and ships. To aid the Athenians, the fleet of the Egyptians arrived together with Patroclus, and the Lacedaemonians also went out with all their forces, having ordered their king Areus to lead them.
περικαθημένου δὲ Ἀντιγόνου τὰς Ἀθήνας καὶ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς τὴν πόλιν τὰ Ἀθηναίων συμμαχικὰ εἴργοντος, Πάτροκλος ἀποστέλλων ἀγγέλους προέτρεπε Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Ἀρέα ἄρχειν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον μάχης, ἐκείνων δὲ ἀρξάντων4 οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ νώτου τοῖς Μακεδόσιν ἔφασκεν ἐπικείσεσθαι· πρότερον δὲ οὐκ εἰκὸς εἶναι σφᾶς Αἰγυπτίους τε ὄντας καὶ ναύτας Μακεδόσιν ἐπιέναι πεζῇ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν δὴ παρακινδυνεύειν ὥρμηντο Ἀθηναίων τε εὐνοίᾳ καί τι καὶ ἄξιον μνήμης ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα ἐργάσασθαι προθυμούμενοι·
When Antigonus was besieging Athens and shutting out the allies of the Athenians from the entrance into the city, Patroclus, sending messengers, urged the Lacedaemonians and Areus to begin battle against Antigonus, saying that if they began, he himself would also fall upon the Macedonians from the rear; but before that, it was not reasonable for them, being Egyptians and sailors, to attack the Macedonians on land. Indeed, the Lacedaemonians were eager to run the risk, both from goodwill toward the Athenians and from a desire to achieve something worthy of remembrance for posterity.
Ἀρεὺς δέ, ὥς σφισι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐξανήλωτο, ἀπῆγεν ὀπίσω τὴν στρατιάν. ταμιεύεσθαι γὰρ τὴν ἀπόνοιαν ἐς τὰ οἰκεῖα ἠξίου καὶ μὴ ἀφειδῶς ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίοις ἀναρρῖψαι. τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἀντισχοῦσιν ἐπὶ μακρότατον ἐποιήσατο Ἀντίγονος εἰρήνην, ἐφʼ ᾧ τέ σφισιν ἐπαγάγῃ φρουρὰν ἐς τὸ Μουσεῖον. καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἀνὰ χρόνον αὐτὸς ἐξήγαγεν ἑκουσίως τὴν φρουρὰν ὁ Ἀντίγονος, Ἀρέως δὲ ἐγένετο υἱὸς Ἀκρότατος, τοῦ δὲ Ἀρεύς, ὃς ὀκτὼ μάλιστα ἔτη γεγονὼς τελευτᾷ νόσῳ.
But Areus, when their provisions were exhausted, led the army back. For he thought it right to husband their desperate daring for their own affairs and not to throw it away recklessly on behalf of others. But with the Athenians, who held out for a very long time, Antigonus made peace, on the condition that he should introduce a garrison into the Museum. And in course of time Antigonus himself voluntarily withdrew the garrison from them; and Areus had a son Acrotatus, and he had Areus, who died of disease when he was about eight years old.
καὶ ἐλείπετο γὰρ τῆς Εὐρυσθένους οἰκίας γένος τὸ πρὸς ἀνδρῶν Λεωνίδας ὁ Κλεωνύμου, παντάπασιν ἤδη γέρων· τούτῳ δὴ διδόασιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν ἀρχὴν. τῷ δὲ Λεωνίδᾳ διάφορος ἐτύγχανεν ὢν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα Λύσανδρος, ἀπόγονος Λυσάνδρου τοῦ Ἀριστοκρίτου. οὗτος προσποιεῖται Κλεόμβροτον θυγατέρα ἔχοντα Λεωνίδου· τοῦτον δὲ οἰκειωσάμενος ἐπῆγε Λεωνίδᾳ καὶ ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα καὶ ὅρκους αὐτὸν Κλεωνύμῳ τῷ πατρὶ ὀμόσαι παῖδα ὄντα ἐπὶ ὀλέθρῳ τῆς Σπάρτης.
For there was left of the house of Eurysthenes, of the male line, Leonidas the son of Cleonymus, who was already altogether an old man; to him indeed the Lacedaemonians gave the rule. But Lysander, a descendant of Lysander the son of Aristocritus, happened to be extremely hostile to Leonidas. This man won over Cleombrotus, who had the daughter of Leonidas as wife; and having made him his intimate, he brought against Leonidas other charges and also that when he was a boy he had sworn oaths to his father Cleonymus for the destruction of Sparta.
ἐπαύσθη τε δὴ Λεωνίδας βασιλείας καὶ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ Κλεόμβροτος ἔσχε τὴν τιμήν. εἰ μὲν δὴ ὁ Λεωνίδας ἐπέτρεψε τῷ θυμῷ καὶ Δημαράτῳ τῷ Ἀρίστωνος κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἀπεχώρησεν ἤτοι παρὰ τὸν ἐν Μακεδονίᾳ βασιλεύοντα ἢ τὸν Αἰγύπτιον, ὁ δὲ5 καὶ μεταγνόντων ἂν Σπαρτιατῶν ὤνατο οὐδέν· νῦν δὲ ἐπιβαλόντων οἱ φυγὴν τῶν πολιτῶν ἀφίκετο ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ἔτεσιν ὕστερον οὐ πολλοῖς κατάγουσί τε αὐτὸν Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ αὖθις βασιλέα ἐποιήσαντο.
And so Leonidas was deposed from the kingdom, and Cleombrotus held the honor instead of him. If indeed Leonidas had given way to his anger and had departed, just as Demaratus the son of Ariston did, either to the king ruling in Macedonia or to the Egyptian, he would have gained nothing even if the Spartans had repented. But as it was, when the citizens imposed exile upon him, he went to Arcadia, and from there not many years later the Lacedaemonians brought him back and made him king again.
Κλεομένει δὲ τῷ Λεωνίδους τά τε ἄλλα ὁποῖα ἐς τόλμαν ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀνδρείαν ὑπῆρξε καὶ ὡς ἐπαύσαντο ἐξ ἐκείνου Σπαρτιᾶται βασιλευόμενοι, πρότερον ἔτι ἐδήλωσέ μοι τὰ ἐς τὸν Σικυώνιον Ἄρατον· προσεπελάβετο δὲ ὁ λόγος μοι καὶ τρόπον ὅντινα ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ Κλεομένης ἐτελεύτησεν.
Concerning Cleomenes the son of Leonidas, both the other things that belonged to him in respect of daring and bravery, and how after him the Spartans ceased to be ruled by kings, my account of Aratus of Sicyon has already shown before; and my discourse also touched upon the manner in which Cleomenes died in Egypt.
- 3.6.1προαφαιρεῖσθαι τὸν ἡγεμόνα
The infinitive προαφαιρεῖσθαι has ὁ δαίμων as its subject and the accusative τὸν ἡγεμόνα as its object. The verb ἐθέλει functions as an auxiliary expressing tendency or inclination ('is wont to').
- 3.6.2κατήγαγε τὸ χρεὼν
The expression 'fate (τὸ χρεών) brought Acrotatus down' is a euphemism for death. κατήγαγε is the aorist indicative active of κατάγω (to bring down), with τὸ χρεών as its subject.
- 3.6.3Κλεωνύμῳ δὲ ἀπελαθέντι τῆς βασιλείας
The dative Κλεωνύμῳ is a dative of interest (or possession) belonging to the verb ᾤδει (imperfect of οἰδέω, 'to swell'), with which the participle ἀπελαθέντι (aorist passive of ἀπελαύνω, 'to drive away') agrees.
- 3.6.5ἐκείνων δὲ ἀρξάντων
This is a genitive absolute construction where ἐκείνων (referring to the Lacedaemonians) functions as the subject and ἀρξάντων (aorist active participle of ἄρχω) as the predicate, indicating that the Lacedaemonians are to begin the battle.
- 3.6.8εἰ μὲν δὴ... ὁ δὲ... νῦν δὲ...
This is a past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence (εἰ with past indicative) where the apodosis ὤνατο ἄν expresses 'would have gained no benefit'. The subsequent νῦν δέ introduces the actual reality ('but as it was') in the past indicative.