← Aelius Aristides

Regarding the Prohibition of Comedy

§511-512

The Vulgarity of Comedy and Moral Decay in Athens

The speaker denounces the vulgarity of language and gestures in comedy, arguing that it leads to moral corruption among citizens and damages Athens' international reputation. He exposes the hypocrisy of those who delight in abuse by asking whether they are in jest or in earnest, urging the cultured Athenians to restrain themselves.

View ▾
View
Translation
Typeface
AI ↗
← PrevNext →
§511

τοῦ δὲ1 τοσαύτη μὲν λέξεως μοχθηρία, τοσαύτη δὲ μελῶν ἀσέλγεια, ἔτι δὲ σχημάτων αἰσχύνη, κωμῳδία δʼ οὐδεμία ἐφίκοιτʼ ἂν τῶν τούτοις προσόντων κακῶν, τίς τρόπος ἡδονῆς; καὶ πότερον ὡς καλὰ ταῦτα ἀνέξεσθε; καὶ τί τούτων αἴσχιον; ἀλλʼ ὡς συμφέροντα ἀκούειν ἢ θεωρεῖν; καὶ μὴν διαφθορᾶς γέ ἐστι συνθήματα· ὅταν γὰρ εἰς συνήθειαν καταστῇ τοῦ κακῶς ἀκούειν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ καὶ τὰ χείριστα φέρειν τῶν ὀνειδῶν, εὐχερῶς ἀνίησιν ἡ γνώμη καὶ διδάσκεται πᾶς τις φαῦλος εἶναι, εἰ καὶ μὴ πρόσθεν ἦν, ἄλλως τε τούτων ὧν οὐδὲν πρὸς τὸν Διόνυσόν ἐστιν. ἀλλʼ ἔμοιγε καὶ τὸ τῆς παροιμίας εἰς τὰς τοιαύτας ἀβελτηρίας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἔχειν δοκεῖ. εἶεν· ἀλλʼ εἰς δόξης λόγον θαυμαστὰ, ὅταν ἐν τοῖς βαλανείοις, ὅταν ἐν τοῖς στενωποῖς, ὅταν κατʼ ἀγορὰν, ὅταν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις γύναια, παιδάρια, πᾶς τις ἐφεξῆς τοιαῦτα ἐπιμελῳδῇ; καὶ πότερον τοὺς πολίτας μόνον ἐξέσται κωμῳδεῖν; οὐκοῦν δεινὸν εἰ τῶν μὲν ξένων εἴσεσθε φείδεσθαι, ὑμῶν δʼ αὐτῶν οὐ τολμήσετε,2 ἀλλʼ οὕτως ἀνόμοιοι τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔσεσθε ὥστʼ ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἅπαντα ἀπόρρητα ἐποιήσαντο τὰ ἑαυτῶν, ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ τὰ μηδὲν προσήκοντα λέγειν καθʼ ὑμῶν τοῖς βουλομένοις δώσετε. ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία καὶ τῶν ξένων ἐπιληψόμεθα; πολλὴν ἄρα τὴν εὐποιίαν παρὰ πάντων καὶ τὴν ἐπιμιξίαν ἕξομεν· ἦ που ῥᾳδίως μὲν οἱ πατέρες τοὺς υἱεῖς, ῥᾳδίως δὲ ἀδελφοὶ πρεσβύτεροι νεωτέρους κομιοῦσι δεῦρʼ ἐπὶ παιδείαν, παρʼ οἷς τοιαῦτʼ ἐστὶ τὰ ᾀδόμενα. οὐ παύσεσθε στηλιτεύοντες ὑμᾶς αὐτούς; νὴ Δίʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀστεῖον τὸ τοῦ σκώμματος. οὐκοῦν τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον οὐ πολλῶν, εἴπερ γε μὴ πολλοὺς τοὺς ἀστείους εἶναι δεῖ δοκεῖν. ἡδέως δʼ ἂν ἐροίμην τοὺς χαίροντας τῷ λοιδορεῖν πότερον παίζουσιν ἢ σπουδάζουσιν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ παίζουσι, τί προσποιοῦνται νουθετεῖν; εἰ δὲ σπουδάζουσιν, αὖθις αὖ πυθέσθαι καλὸν αὐτῶν πότερόν ποτʼ ἀληθῆ ταῦτα λοιδοροῦσιν ἢ ψευδῆ. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἀληθῆ, τί μαθόντες3 οὐ χρῶνται τοῖς νόμοις; ἀλλʼ οὗ μὲν δεῖ λέγειν σιωπῶσιν, οὗ δὲ δεῖ σιωπᾶν λέγουσιν. ἀλλὰ μὴν εἴ γε καταψεύδονται, ἀγαπᾶν εἰκὸς ἦν μὴ πάσχοντας κακῶς, οὐκ ἀγανακτεῖν, εἰ μὴ λέγειν κακῶς αὐτοῖς ἐξέσται. οἶμαι τοίνυν ἐγὼ πᾶσι μὲν ταῦτα συμβουλεύων ὀρθῶς ἂν ποιεῖν, οὐχ ἥκιστα δʼ ὑμῖν. ὅσῳ γὰρ παιδείᾳ καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ προέχειν δοκεῖτε, τοσῷδε αἴσχιον ἃ μὴ χρὴ φαίνεσθαι διώκοντας.

​But since there is such baseness of speech, such licentiousness of song, and furthermore such shamefulness of gestures in this (while no comedy could reach the evils belonging to these things), what kind of pleasure is there? And will you tolerate these things as beautiful? And what is more shameful than these? Or as beneficial to hear or behold? Indeed, they are the tokens of corruption. For when a man or a woman becomes accustomed to being spoken ill of and bearing the worst of reproaches, the mind easily relaxes and everyone is taught to be base, even if they were not so before, especially in these matters which have nothing to do with Dionysus. But to me, at least, the saying of the proverb seems to apply not least to such follies. Well then; but with regard to reputation, is it wonderful when in the baths, in the alleys, in the market, in the houses, women, young children, and everyone in succession sing such tunes? And will it be permitted to caricature only the citizens in comedy? Is it not then terrible if you know how to spare foreigners, but will not venture to spare yourselves, but will be so unlike the Lacedaemonians that, while they made all their own affairs secret, you will give even those things which are not at all fitting to speak against yourselves to anyone who wishes? But, by Zeus, shall we also lay hold of foreigners? We shall indeed have much goodwill from everyone and much intercourse! Surely fathers will easily bring their sons, and elder brothers their younger ones, here for education, among people where such are the things that are sung? Will you not stop pillorying yourselves? By Zeus, but the jest is witty! Is it not then so much the more not for many, if indeed we must not think that the witty are many? But I would gladly ask those who rejoice in abusing whether they are playing or are in earnest. For if they are playing, why do they pretend to admonish? But if they are in earnest, it is well to ask them in turn whether they abuse these things truly or falsely. For if they are true, what possesses them that they do not use the laws? Instead, where they ought to speak, they keep silence, and where they ought to keep silence, they speak. But if indeed they tell lies, it was reasonable for them to be content since they themselves do not suffer ill, and not to be indignant if they are not permitted to speak ​ill of others. I think, therefore, that in advising these things to all I would be doing right, and not least to you. For by how much you seem to excel in education and humanity, by so much is it more shameful to appear to pursue what is not fitting.

Syntax notes3 items
  1. 511τοῦ δὲ

    The neuter singular demonstrative pronoun τοῦ serves as the subject of a genitive absolute construction, referring to 'this' (the comedy or the situation surrounding it). It means 'but since, in this case, there is...'.

  2. 511ὑμῶν δʼ αὐτῶν οὐ τολμήσετε

    The infinitive φείδεσθαι (to spare) from the preceding contrasted clause is understood after τολμήσετε. The clause means 'you know how to spare foreigners, but you will not venture [to spare] yourselves'.

  3. 511τί μαθόντες

    An idiomatic expression combining the interrogative pronoun τί with the aorist active participle of μανθάνω, meaning 'what possesses them to...' or 'how on earth do they...', carrying a tone of censure or surprise.

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-22)urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0284.tlg040.humanitext-grc2:511-512