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The Downward Journey or The Tyrant

§4-6

Recapture of the Tyrant and the Roll-Call of the Dead

Hermes recovers the escaped tyrant with the help of Cyniscus, after which Clotho and Charon begin the official roll-call and embarkation of the dead, classifying them as infants, old men, and victims of war, love, or execution.

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§4

Ἑρμῆς ἀπεδίδρασκε, λέγεις; εἰ γὰρ μὴ ὁ γενναιότατος οὗτος, ὁ τὸ ξύλον,1 συνήργησέ μοι καὶ συλλαβόντες αὐτὸν ἐδήσαμεν, κἂν ᾤχετο2 ἡμᾶς ἀποφυγών· ἀφʼ οὗ γάρ μοι παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ἡ Ἄτροπος, παρʼ ὅλην τὴν ὁδὸν ἀντέτεινε καὶ ἀντέσπα, καὶ τὼ πόδε ἀντερείδων πρὸς τὸ ἔδαφος οὐ παντελῶς εὐάγωγος ἦν· ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ ἱκέτευε καὶ κατελιπάρει, ἀφεθῆναι πρὸς ὀλίγον ἀξιῶν καὶ πολλὰ δώσειν ὑπισχνούμενος. ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ εἰκός, οὐκ ἀνίειν ὁρῶν ἀδυνάτων ἐφιέμενον. ἐπεὶ δὲ κατʼ αὐτὸ ἤδη τὸ στόμιον ἦμεν, ἐμοῦ τοὺς νεκρούς, ὡς ἔθος, ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ παρὰ τῆς σῆς ἀδελφῆς πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ σύμβολον, λαθὼν οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ὁ τρισκατάρατος ἀπιὼν ᾤχετο. ἐνέδει οὖν νεκρὸς εἷς τῷ λογισμῷ, καὶ ὁ Αἰακὸς ἀνατείνας τὰς ὀφρῦς, μὴ ἐπὶ πάντων, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, φησί, χρῶ τῇ κλεπτικῇ, ἅλις σοι αἱ ἐν οὐρανῷ παιδιαί· τὰ νεκρῶν δὲ ἀκριβῆ καὶ οὐδαμῶς λαθεῖν δυνάμενα. τέτταρας, ὡς ὁρᾷς, πρὸς τοῖς χιλίοις ἔχει τὸ σύμβολον ἐγκεχαραγμένους, σὺ δέ μοι παρʼ ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο φής, ὡς παραλελόγισταί σε ἡ Ἄτροπος. ἐγὼ δὲ ἐρυθριάσας πρὸς τὸν λόγον ταχέως ὑπεμνήσθην τῶν κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν, κἀπειδὴ περιβλέπων οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτον εἶδον, συνεὶς τὴν ἀπόδρασιν ἐδίωκον ὡς εἶχον τάχους κατὰ τὴν ἄγουσαν πρὸς τὸ φῶς· εἵπετο δὲ αὐθαίρετός μοι ὁ βέλτιστος οὗτος, καὶ ὥσπερ ἀπὸ ὕσπληγγος θέοντες καταλαμβάνομεν αὐτὸν ἤδη ἐν Ταινάρῳ· παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν.

​Hermes “He ran away,” you say? If this most noble fellow, the one with the staff, had not helped me and if we had not caught and bound him, he would have gone, escaping us. For ever since Atropos delivered him to me, he resisted and pulled back throughout the whole journey, and pressing his feet against the ground, he was by no means easy to lead. Sometimes he would beg and entreat, asking to be let go for a little while and promising to give many things. But I, as was natural, did not let him go, seeing him desiring the impossible. And when we were already at the very entrance, while I, as usual, was counting the dead for Aeacus, and he was calculating them against the token sent to him by your sister, the thrice-cursed fellow went off, escaping notice I know not how. Therefore, one dead man was lacking in the calculation, and Aeacus, raising his eyebrows, said: “Do not, Hermes, use your thievery in all matters; your pranks in heaven are enough for you. But the affairs of the dead are precise and can in no way escape notice. The token, as you see, has one thousand and four engraved on it, but you have come bringing one short, unless you say that Atropos has miscalculated.” And I, blushing at his words, quickly remembered the events on the road, and when looking around I saw him nowhere, realizing his escape, I pursued him as fast as I could along the way leading to the light. And this excellent fellow followed me voluntarily, and running as if from a starting gate, we caught him already in Taenarum; he came within so much of escaping.

§5

Κλωθώ ἡμεῖς δέ, ὦ Χάρων, ὀλιγωρίαν ἤδη τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ κατεγινώσκομεν. Χάρων τί οὖν ἔτι διαμέλλομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῆς ἡμῖν γεγενημένης διατριβῆς; Κλωθώ εὖ λέγεις· ἐμβαινέτωσαν. ἐγὼ δὲ προχειρισαμένη τὸ βιβλίον καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἀποβάθραν καθεζομένη, ὡς ἔθος, ἐπιβαίνοντα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν διαγνώσομαι, τίς καὶ πόθεν καὶ ὅντινα τεθνεὼς τὸν τρόπον· σὺ δὲ παραλαμβάνων στοίβαζε καὶ συντίθει· σὺ δέ, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, τὰ νεογνὰ ταυτὶ πρῶτα ἐμβαλοῦ· τί γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἀποκρίναιντό μοι; Ἑρμῆς ἰδού σοι, ὦ πορθμεῦ, τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὗτοι τριακόσιοι μετὰ τῶν ἐκτιθεμένων. Χάρων βαβαὶ τῆς εὐαγρίας. ὀμφακίας ἡμῖν νεκροὺς ἥκεις ἄγων. Ἑρμῆς βούλει, ὦ Κλωθοῖ, τοὺς ἀκλαύστους ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐμβιβασώμεθα; Κλωθώ τοὺς γέροντας λέγεις; οὕτω ποίει. τί γάρ με δεῖ πράγματα ἔχειν τὰ πρὸ Εὐκλείδου3 νῦν ἐξετάζουσαν; οἱ ὑπὲρ ἑξήκοντα ὑμεῖς πάριτε ἤδη. τί τοῦτο; οὐκ ἐπακούουσί μου βεβυσμένοι τὰ ὦτα ὑπὸ τῶν ἐτῶν. δεήσει τάχα καὶ τούτους ἀράμενον παραγαγεῖν. Ἑρμῆς ἰδοὺ πάλιν οὗτοι δυεῖν δέοντες τετρακόσιοι, τακεροὶ πάντες καὶ πέπειροι καὶ καθʼ ὥραν τετρυγημένοι. Χάρων νὴ Δίʼ, ἐπεὶ ἀσταφίδες γε πάντες ἤδη εἰσί.

​Clotho And we, Charon, were already condemning Hermes for negligence. Charon Why then do we still delay, as though not enough time has been wasted? Clotho You speak well; let them embark. And I, having prepared the ledger and sitting by the gangway, as is the custom, will examine each of them as they embark—who he is, where he comes from, and in what manner he died. And you, receiving them, stack and arrange them. And you, Hermes, throw in these infants first; for what could they even answer to me? Hermes Here you are, ferryman, three hundred in number, including those exposed. Charon My, what a fine catch! You have come bringing us unripe dead. Hermes Do you wish, Clotho, that we embark the unwept after these? Clotho You mean the old men? Do so. For why should I have trouble now examining things from before Euclides? You who are over sixty, pass along now. What is this? They do not hear me, their ears stuffed up by their years. It will probably be necessary to carry these too and bring them along. Hermes Here again are three hundred and ninety-eight of them, all shriveled, ripe, and harvested in due season. Charon By Zeus, since they are all raisins by now!

§6

Κλωθώ τοὺς τραυματίας ἐπὶ τούτοις, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, παράγαγε· καὶ πρῶτόν μοι εἴπατε ὅπως ἀποθανόντες ἥκετε· μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτὴ πρὸς τὰ γεγραμμένα ὑμᾶς ἐπισκέψομαι. πολεμοῦντας ἀποθανεῖν ἔδει χθὲς ἐν Μηδίᾳ τέτταρας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ τὸν Ὀξυάρτου υἱὸν μετʼ αὐτῶν Γωβάρην. Ἑρμῆς πάρεισι. Κλωθώ διʼ ἔρωτα αὑτοὺς ἀπέσφαξαν ἑπτά, καὶ ὁ φιλόσοφος Θεαγένης διὰ τὴν ἑταίραν τὴν Μεγαρόθεν. Ἑρμῆς οὑτοιὶ πλησίον. Κλωθώ ποῦ δʼ οἱ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων ἀποθανόντες; Ἑρμῆς Παρεστᾶσιν. Κλωθώ ὁ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ μοιχοῦ καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς φονευθείς; Ἑρμῆς ἰδού σοι πλησίον. Κλωθώ τοὺς ἐκ δικαστηρίων δῆτα παράγαγε, λέγω δὲ τοὺς ἐκ τυμπάνου4 καὶ τοὺς ἀνεσκολοπισμένους. οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ λῃστῶν ἀποθανόντες ἑκκαίδεκα ποῦ εἰσιν, ὦ Ἑρμῆ; Ἑρμῆς πάρεισιν οἵδε οἱ τραυματίαι οὓς ὁρᾷς. τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ἅμα βούλει παραγάγω; Κλωθώ μάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ ναυαγίων γε ἅμα· καὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶσι τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον. καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρετοῦ δέ, καὶ τούτους ἅμα, καὶ τὸν ἰατρὸν μετʼ αὐτῶν Ἀγαθοκλέα.

​Clotho Bring along the wounded after these, Hermes; and first tell me how you died to come here. Or rather, I will examine you myself according to the written record. Eighty-four were to die yesterday fighting in Media, and with them Gobares the son of Oxyartes. Hermes They are present. Clotho Seven killed themselves because of love, and the philosopher Theagenes because of the courtesan from Megara. Hermes These are nearby. Clotho And where are those who died at one another’s hands for the kingdom? Hermes They stand by. Clotho And the one murdered by the adulterer and his wife? Hermes Here he is nearby. Clotho Bring along then those from the law courts, I mean those from the torture-frame and those crucified. And where are the sixteen killed by robbers, Hermes? Hermes These wounded whom you see are present. Do you wish me to bring the women along at the same time? Clotho By all means, and those from shipwrecks too at the same time; for they died in a similar manner. And those from the fever too, bring them at the same time, and the physician Agathocles with them.

Syntax notes4 items
  1. 4ὁ τὸ ξύλον

    A substantivized phrase with the article ὁ where a participle like ἔχων ("having/holding") is omitted. It means "the one with the staff/stick," referring to the Cynic philosopher Cyniscus.

  2. 4κἂν ᾤχετο

    Crasis of καὶ ἂν ᾤχετο. It represents the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition, where ἄν with the imperfect/aorist indicative (ᾤχετο) means "he would have gone/departed."

  3. 5τὰ πρὸ Εὐκλείδου

    An idiomatic expression referring to the archonship of Euclides in Athens (403 BC), when a general amnesty was declared. "Things before Euclides" thus means ancient, forgotten, or pardoned matters that are no longer subject to investigation.

  4. 6ἐκ τυμπάνου

    The preposition ἐκ indicates the instrument or cause, with τύμπανον referring to a wooden frame for execution/torture or a cudgel, meaning "those executed by being beaten to death" or "by the torture-frame."

Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-22)urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg016.humanitext-grc2:4-6