- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.32.1-9.32.2
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-09
The author details the minor and mixed contingents under Mardonius, including Egyptian warrior classes, and estimates the total Persian land forces at 300,000 barbarians and approximately 50,000 allied Greeks.
ταῦτα μὲν τῶν ἐθνέων τὰ μέγιστα ὠνόμασται τῶν ὑπὸ Μαρδονίου ταχθέντων, τά περ ἐπιφανέστατά τε ἦν καὶ λόγου πλείστου·1 ἐνῆσαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλων ἐθνέων ἄνδρες ἀναμεμιγμένοι, Φρυγῶν τε καὶ Θρηίκων καὶ Μυσῶν τε καὶ Παιόνων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων, ἐν δὲ καὶ2 Αἰθιόπων τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίων οἵ τε Ἑρμοτύβιες καὶ οἱ Καλασίριες καλεόμενοι μαχαιροφόροι, οἵ περ εἰσὶ Αἰγυπτίων μοῦνοι μάχιμοι.
These are the greatest of the nations stationed by Mardonius, which indeed were the most prominent and of the greatest account. But there were also mixed in men of other nations—Phrygians, Thracians, Mysians, Paeonians, and the rest—and among them also Ethiopians and those of the Egyptians who are called Hermotybians and Calasirians, wielding swords, who indeed are the only fighting men among the Egyptians.
τούτους δὲ ἔτι ἐν Φαλήρῳ ἐὼν3 ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν ἀπεβιβάσατο ἐόντας ἐπιβάτας· οὐ γὰρ ἐτάχθησαν ἐς τὸν πεζὸν τὸν ἅμα Ξέρξῃ ἀπικόμενον ἐς Ἀθήνας Αἰγύπτιοι. τῶν μὲν δὴ βαρβάρων ἦσαν τριήκοντα μυριάδες, ὡς καὶ πρότερον δεδήλωται· τῶν δὲ Ἑλλήνων τῶν Μαρδονίου συμμάχων οἶδε μὲν οὐδεὶς ἀριθμόν· οὐ γὰρ ὦν ἠριθμήθησαν· ὡς δὲ ἐπεικάσαι,4 ἐς πέντε μυριάδας συλλεγῆναι εἰκάζω. οὗτοι οἱ παραταχθέντες πεζοὶ ἦσαν, ἡ δὲ ἵππος χωρὶς ἐτέτακτο.
These men Mardonius, while he was still at Phalerum, had landed from the ships, being marines; for the Egyptians had not been stationed in the land army which came with Xerxes to Athens. Now of the barbarians there were thirty ten-thousands, as has been shown before; but of the Greeks who were Mardonius’ allies, no one knows the number, for indeed they were not numbered; but to make a guess, I estimate that they were gathered to the number of about five ten-thousands. These who were drawn up in line were the infantry, but the cavalry was stationed separately.
- 9.32.1λόγου πλείστου
A genitive of quality or value, functioning as a predicate complement of the verb ἦν in parallel with the adjective ἐπιφανέστατά. It means 'of the greatest account' or 'highly valued'.
- 9.32.1ἐν δὲ καὶ
The preposition ἐν is used adverbially, meaning 'therein also' or 'among them also'. The following genitives Αἰθιόπων τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίων function as partitive genitives.
- 9.32.2ἔτι ἐν Φαλήρῳ ἐὼν
The subject of the present participle ἐὼν (nominative singular) is Mardonius, identical to the subject of the main verb ἀπεβιβάσατο. It functions temporally, meaning 'while he (Mardonius) was still at Phalerum'.
- 9.32.2ὡς δὲ ἐπεικάσαι
An absolute infinitive used idiomatically to limit or qualify the assertion, meaning 'to make a guess' or 'at a rough estimate'.