- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.217.1-7.217.2
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-07
The Persian army marched along the path of Anopaea throughout the night and reached the summit at dawn, where a thousand Phocian hoplites had voluntarily undertaken the task of guarding it for Leonidas.
κατὰ ταύτην δὴ τὴν ἀτραπὸν καὶ οὕτω ἔχουσαν οἱ Πέρσαι, τὸν Ἀσωπὸν διαβάντες, ἐπορεύοντο πᾶσαν τὴν νύκτα, ἐν δεξιῇ μὲν ἔχοντες ὄρεα τὰ Οἰταίων, ἐν ἀριστερῇ δὲ τὰ Τρηχινίων. ἠώς τε δὴ διέφαινε καὶ οἳ1 ἐγένοντο ἐπʼ ἀκρωτηρίῳ τοῦ ὄρεος.
Along this path, which was in such a state, the Persians, having crossed the Asopus, marched throughout the whole night, keeping the mountains of the Oetaeans on their right and those of the Trachinians on their left. As dawn was beginning to break, they reached the crest of the mountain.
κατὰ δὲ τοῦτο τοῦ ὄρεος ἐφύλασσον, ὡς καὶ πρότερόν μοι εἴρηται, Φωκέων χίλιοι ὁπλῖται, ῥυόμενοί τε τὴν σφετέρην χώρην καὶ φρουρέοντες τὴν ἀτραπόν. ἡ μὲν γὰρ κάτω ἐσβολὴ ἐφυλάσσετο ὑπὸ τῶν εἴρηται·2 τὴν δὲ διὰ τοῦ ὄρεος ἀτραπὸν ἐθελονταὶ Φωκέες ὑποδεξάμενοι Λεωνίδῃ3 ἐφύλασσον.
At this part of the mountain, as I have already mentioned before, a thousand hoplites of the Phocians were keeping watch, defending their own country and guarding the path. For the pass below was guarded by those who have been mentioned, but the path through the mountain the Phocians had voluntarily undertaken to guard for Leonidas.
- 7.217.1καὶ οἳ
Here οἳ is not a relative pronoun but a demonstrative pronoun ('they') used as a subject, an archaic usage common in Homeric epic and Herodotus' Ionic dialect. The paratactic structure ἠώς τε ... καὶ οἳ... expresses immediate succession: 'just as dawn was breaking, they arrived...'
- 7.217.2ὑπὸ τῶν εἴρηται
τῶν functions as a demonstrative pronoun (the antecedent), followed by a relative clause without a relative pronoun, containing the impersonal perfect passive verb εἴρηται ('it has been spoken [of]'). The phrase means 'by those who have been mentioned [previously]'.
- 7.217.2ὑποδεξάμενοι Λεωνίδῃ
The participle ὑποδεξάμενοι ('having undertaken/promised') agrees with the subject (the Phocians), while the dative Λεωνίδῃ functions as a dative of advantage ('for Leonidas') or of reference/relation ('to Leonidas').