- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.15.1-5.15.3
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The Paeonians expected a Persian attack from the sea and gathered to defend it, but the Persians bypassed them via an upper route and easily captured their undefended cities. Upon realizing this, the Paeonians surrendered, and several of their tribes were deported to Asia.
πυθόμενοι δὲ οἱ Παίονες τοὺς Πέρσας ἐπὶ σφέας ἰέναι, ἁλισθέντες ἐξεστρατεύσαντο πρὸς θαλάσσης, δοκέοντες ταύτῃ ἐπιχειρήσειν τοὺς Πέρσας ἐμβάλλοντας.1
When the Paeonians learned that the Persians were coming against them, they gathered together and marched out towards the sea, expecting that the Persians would make their attack by invading in this direction.
οἱ μὲν δὴ Παίονες ἦσαν ἕτοιμοι τὸν Μεγαβάζου στρατὸν ἐπιόντα ἐρύκειν· οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι πυθόμενοι συναλίσθαι2 τοὺς Παίονας καὶ τὴν πρὸς θαλάσσης ἐσβολὴν φυλάσσοντας, ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνας τὴν ἄνω ὁδὸν τρέπονται, λαθόντες δὲ τοὺς Παίονας ἐσπίπτουσι ἐς τὰς πόλιας αὐτῶν ἐούσας ἀνδρῶν ἐρήμους· οἷα δὲ κεινῇσι ἐπιπεσόντες3 εὐπετέως κατέσχον.
Thus indeed the Paeonians were ready to hold back the advancing army of Megabazus; but the Persians, having learned that the Paeonians had gathered together and were guarding the approach from the sea, took the upper road with their guides, and eluding the Paeonians, burst into their cities, which were empty of men. Falling upon them since they were empty, they easily occupied them.
οἱ δὲ Παίονες ὡς ἐπύθοντο ἐχομένας τὰς πόλιας, αὐτίκα διασκεδασθέντες κατʼ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο καὶ παρεδίδοσαν σφέας αὐτοὺς τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι. οὕτω δὴ Παιόνων4 Σιριοπαίονές τε καὶ Παιόπλαι καὶ οἱ μέχρι τῆς Πρασιάδος λίμνης ἐξ ἠθέων ἐξαναστάντες ἤγοντο ἐς τὴν Ἀσίην.
When the Paeonians learned that their cities had been taken, they immediately dispersed, and each turning to their own places, surrendered themselves to the Persians. Thus indeed of the Paeonians, the Siriopaeonians, the Paioplai, and those as far as Lake Prasias were removed from their homelands and led away into Asia.
- 5.15.1ἐμβάλλοντας
The present participle ἐμβάλλοντας is in the accusative masculine plural, agreeing with τοὺς Πέρσας, the subject of the future infinitive ἐπιχειρήσειν. It functions circumstantially, indicating the manner or time of the expected attack ('by making an inroad' or 'as they invaded').
- 5.15.2συναλίσθαι
The perfect passive infinitive συναλίσθαι (an Ionic form corresponding to Attic συνηλίσθαι) stands in indirect discourse after the participle πυθόμενοι, representing the completed state of the Paeonians having gathered together.
- 5.15.2οἷα δὲ κεινῇσι ἐπιπεσόντες
The conjunction οἷα with the participle ἐπιπεσόντες expresses an objective cause. The dative plural feminine adjective κεινῇσι (Ionic for κεναῖς, 'empty') refers back to the previously mentioned πόλιας (cities), meaning 'since they fell upon them when they were empty.'
- 5.15.3Παιόνων
The genitive Παιόνων is a partitive genitive qualifying the subsequent subjects (Σιριοπαίονες, Παιόπλαι, and οἱ μέχρι...), meaning 'of the Paeonians, the Siriopaeonians, etc.'
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — note 1