- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.102.1-5.102.3
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
Sardis is burned down along with the temple of Cybebe, and the Persian forces west of the Halys river mobilize in pursuit. They catch up with the Ionians at Ephesus and inflict a heavy defeat upon them.
καὶ Σάρδιες μὲν ἐνεπρήσθησαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτῇσι καὶ ἱρὸν ἐπιχωρίης θεοῦ Κυβήβης· τὸ σκηπτόμενοι1 οἱ Πέρσαι ὕστερον ἀντενεπίμπρασαν τὰ ἐν Ἕλλησι ἱρά. τότε δὲ οἱ Πέρσαι οἱ ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ νομοὺς ἔχοντες, προπυνθανόμενοι ταῦτα, συνηλίζοντο καὶ ἐβοήθεον τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι.
And so Sardis was burned, and in it also a temple of Cybebe, a goddess of that country; which the Persians later used as a pretext to burn down the temples in Greece in retaliation. At that time, the Persians who held territories within the river Halys, having already heard of these things, gathered together and came to the aid of the Lydians.
καὶ κως ἐν μὲν Σάρδισι οὐκέτι ἐόντας τοὺς Ἴωνας εὑρίσκουσι,2 ἑπόμενοι δὲ κατὰ στίβον αἱρέουσι αὐτοὺς ἐν Ἐφέσῳ. καὶ ἀντετάχθησαν μὲν οἱ Ἴωνες, συμβαλόντες δὲ πολλὸν ἑσσώθησαν.
And somehow, they found that the Ionians were no longer in Sardis; but following on their tracks, they caught up with them at Ephesus. The Ionians drew up their lines to face them, but in the engagement they were heavily defeated.
καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν οἱ Πέρσαι φονεύουσι ἄλλους τε ὀνομαστούς, ἐν δὲ δὴ καὶ Εὐαλκίδην στρατηγέοντα Ἐρετριέων, στεφανηφόρους τε ἀγῶνας ἀναραιρηκότα3 καὶ ὑπὸ Σιμωνίδεω τοῦ Κηίου πολλὰ αἰνεθέντα· οἳ δὲ αὐτῶν4 ἀπέφυγον τὴν μάχην, ἐσκεδάσθησαν ἀνὰ τὰς πόλιας.
The Persians slew many of them, including other men of renown, and among them especially Eualcides, the general of the Eretrians, who had won crowns in the games and had been highly praised in song by Simonides of Ceos. Those of them who escaped from the battle were scattered among their various cities.
- 5.102.1τὸ σκηπτόμενοι
The pronoun τὸ is a relative pronoun (neuter singular accusative), referring to the burning of the temple of Cybebe, or the temple itself. It serves as the direct object of the participle σκηπτόμενοι ('using as a pretext'), meaning 'using this as a pretext'. In the Ionic dialect, forms that function as definite articles in Attic (like τὸ) are frequently used as relative pronouns.
- 5.102.2οὐκέτι ἐόντας τοὺς Ἴωνας εὑρίσκουσι
The verb εὑρίσκουσι ('they find') is constructed with an accusative (τοὺς Ἴωνας) and a participle (ἐόντας), forming a construction denoting the perception of a state. The word ἐόντας is the Ionic present participle (masculine plural accusative) of the verb εἰμί, corresponding to ὄντας in Attic.
- 5.102.3ἀναραιρηκότα
This is the perfect active participle (masculine singular accusative) of the verb ἀναιρέω ('to win'), corresponding to Attic ἀνῃρηκότα. This specific form (with -αι-) is a result of Ionic psilosis (loss of aspiration) combined with elision and contraction of the vowels after the prefix ἀνά.
- 5.102.3οἳ δὲ αὐτῶν
The relative pronoun form οἵ, combined with the particle δέ, functions here not as a relative pronoun introducing a subordinate clause, but as a demonstrative pronoun indicating contrast ('but those of them...'), serving as the subject of the main clause. αὐτῶν is a partitive genitive meaning 'of them'.