- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.134.1-4.134.3
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
After the gifts are delivered, the Scythian army confronts the Persians but falls into confusion by chasing a hare. Realizing their disregard for him, Darius decides to retreat and, following Gobryas' advice, plans to withdraw at night, leaving behind the weak soldiers and donkeys.
Πέρσῃσι δὲ μετὰ τὰ δῶρα ἐλθόντα Δαρείῳ1 ἀντετάχθησαν οἱ ὑπολειφθέντες Σκύθαι πεζῷ καὶ ἵπποισι ὡς συμβαλέοντες. τεταγμένοισι δὲ τοῖσι Σκύθῃσι2 λαγὸς ἐς τὸ μέσον διήιξε. τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστοι ὥρων τὸν λαγὸν ἐδίωκον. ταραχθέντων δὲ τῶν Σκυθέων καὶ βοῇ χρεωμένων, εἴρετο ὁ Δαρεῖος τῶν ἀντιπολεμίων τὸν θόρυβον· πυθόμενος δὲ σφέας τὸν λαγὸν διώκοντας, εἶπε ἄρα πρὸς τούς περ ἐώθεε καὶ τὰ ἄλλα λέγειν οὗτοι ὧνδρες ἡμέων πολλὸν καταφρονέουσι, καί μοι νῦν φαίνεται Γοβρύης εἶπαι περὶ τῶν Σκυθικῶν δώρων ὀρθῶς. ὡς ὦν οὕτω ἤδη δοκεόντων3 καὶ αὐτῷ μοι ἔχειν, βουλῆς ἀγαθῆς δεῖ, ὅκως ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἡμῖν ἔσται τὸ ὀπίσω. πρὸς ταῦτα Γοβρύης εἶπε ὦ βασιλεῦ, ἐγὼ σχεδὸν μὲν καὶ λόγῳ ἠπιστάμην τούτων τῶν ἀνδρῶν τὴν ἀπορίην, ἐλθὼν δὲ μᾶλλον ἐξέμαθον, ὁρέων αὐτοὺς ἐμπαίζοντας ἡμῖν.
After the gifts had arrived, the remaining Scythians drew up in opposition to the Persians and Darius with infantry and cavalry, intending to join battle. As the Scythians were drawn up, a hare darted through the midst of them. When they, each group of them, saw the hare, they began to chase it. Since the Scythians were thrown into confusion and raised a great shout, Darius inquired about the tumult of the enemy; and when he learned that they were chasing the hare, he said to those with whom he was accustomed to speak on other matters: ”These men hold us in great contempt, and now indeed Gobryas seems to me to have spoken correctly about the Scythian gifts. Since, therefore, things already seem to me myself to be so, we need good counsel, so that our return journey back may be made in safety.” To this Gobryas said: “O King, I was already almost well aware by report of the difficulty of dealing with these men, but having come here I have learned it still better, seeing them making sport of us.
νῦν ὦν μοι δοκέει, ἐπεὰν τάχιστα νὺξ ἐπέλθῃ, ἐκκαύσαντας τὰ πυρὰ ὡς ἐώθαμεν καὶ ἄλλοτε ποιέειν, τῶν στρατιωτέων τοὺς ἀσθενεστάτους ἐς τὰς ταλαιπωρίας ἐξαπατήσαντας4 καὶ τοὺς ὄνους πάντας καταδήσαντας ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, πρὶν ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἴστρον ἰθῦσαι Σκύθας λύσοντας τὴν γέφυραν, ἢ καί τι Ἴωσι δόξαι τὸ ἡμέας οἷον τε ἔσται ἐξεργάσασθαι.5
Now therefore, it seems best to me that, as soon as night comes on, we should kindle our campfires as we are accustomed to do at other times, and, after deceiving the weakest of the soldiers into their hardships and binding all the donkeys fast, we should depart, before the Scythians can either march straight to the Ister to destroy the bridge, or some decision is resolved upon by the Ionians which will be able to bring about our ruin.”
- 4.134.1Πέρσῃσι δὲ μετὰ τὰ δῶρα ἐλθόντα Δαρείῳ
"Πέρσῃσι" and "Δαρείῳ" are in the dative case (dative of disadvantage) modifying the verb "ἀντετάχθησαν" (drew up in opposition), placed in apposition without a conjunction.
- 4.134.1τεταγμένοισι δὲ τοῖσι Σκύθῃσι
This dative participle construction indicates the temporal and situational background ("when the Scythians were drawn up"), functioning similarly to a genitive absolute.
- 4.134.2ὡς ὦν οὕτω ἤδη δοκεόντων
"δοκεόντων" is a genitive absolute of a verb used impersonally ("it seeming that..."), with "ὡς" indicating a subjective reason.
- 4.134.3ἐς τὰς ταλαιπωρίας ἐξαπατήσαντας
"ἐξαπατήσαντας" (having deceived) governs the object "τῶν στρατιωτέων τοὺς ἀσθενεστάτους", while the prepositional phrase "ἐς τὰς ταλαιπωρίας" (into hardships) indicates the direction or result of the deception, implying leaving them behind to face the hardships.
- 4.134.3ἢ καί τι Ἴωσι δόξαι τὸ ἡμέας οἷον τε ἔσται ἐξεργάσασθαι
"δόξαι" is an infinitive governed by "πρὶν ἢ" with "τι" as its subject and "Ἴωσι" as a dative of agent/reference. The articular infinitive phrase "τὸ ἡμέας οἷόν τε ἔσται ἐξεργάσασθαι" stands in apposition to "τι", meaning "that which will make it possible to destroy us".
