- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.55.1-3.55.2
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-08
Herodotus relates how the Lacedaemonians Archias and Lycopes bravely died after rushing into the enemy's city, and explains why the grandson of Archias, whom the author met in Pitane, highly honored the Samians.
εἰ μέν νυν οἱ παρεόντες Λακεδαιμονίων ὅμοιοι ἐγένοντο ταύτην τὴν ἡμέρην Ἀρχίῃ τε καὶ Λυκώπῃ, αἱρέθη ἂν1 Σάμος· Ἀρχίης γὰρ καὶ Λυκώπης μοῦνοι συνεσπεσόντες φεύγουσι ἐς τὸ τεῖχος τοῖσι Σαμίοισι καὶ ἀποκληισθέντες τῆς ὀπίσω ὁδοῦ ἀπέθανον ἐν τῇ πόλι τῇ Σαμίων.
If the Lacedaemonians who were present on that day had been like Archias and Lycopes, Samos would have been taken. For Archias and Lycopes alone, having rushed in together with the fleeing Samians inside the wall and being cut off from their way back, died in the city of the Samians.
τρίτῳ δέ ἀπʼ Ἀρχίεω τούτου γεγονότι2 ἄλλῳ Ἀρχίῃ τῷ Σαμίου τοῦ Ἀρχίεω αὐτὸς ἐν Πιτάνῃ συνεγενόμην (δήμου γὰρ τούτου ἦν), ὃς ξείνων πάντων μάλιστα ἐτίμα τε Σαμίους καί οἱ τῷ πατρὶ ἔφη Σάμιον τοὔνομα τεθῆναι, ὅτι οἱ ὁ πατὴρ Ἀρχίης ἐν Σάμῳ ἀριστεύσας ἐτελεύτησε· τιμᾶν δὲ Σαμίους ἔφη, διότι ταφῆναί3 οἱ τὸν πάππον δημοσίῃ ὑπὸ Σαμίων.
I myself met in Pitane (for he belonged to this deme) another Archias, who was the third generation from this Archias, being the son of Samios, the son of Archias, who of all strangers honored the Samians most, and said that the name of Samios had been given to his father because his own father, Archias, had died fighting gallantly in Samos. And he said he honored the Samians because his grandfather had been buried publicly by the Samians.
- 3.55.1εἰ μέν νυν οἱ παρεόντες Λακεδαιμονίων ὅμοιοι ἐγένοντο ... αἱρέθη ἂν
A conditional sentence expressing a past contrary-to-fact situation. The protasis uses εἰ + indicative past (ἐγένοντο), and the apodosis uses ἂν + indicative past (αἱρέθη ἂν).
- 3.55.2τρίτῳ δέ ἀπʼ Ἀρχίεω τούτου γεγονότι
Meaning 'one who was born as the third generation from this Archias.' Since Greek counting is inclusive, 'third (τρίτῳ)' refers to the grandson (Archias I → Samios II → Archias III). The dative γεγονότι is in apposition to ἄλλῳ Ἀρχίῃ, the object of the main verb συνεγενόμην.
- 3.55.2διότι ταφῆναί
In the causal clause (διότι) within indirect speech, an infinitive (ταφῆναι) is used instead of an indicative. This is due to the influence of the main verb of saying (ἔφη) extending into the subordinate clause, a syntax characteristic of Herodotus' prose.