- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.157.1-1.157.3
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-01
While Cyrus returns home, Pactyes flees to Cyme. Mazares the Mede arrives at Sardis, enforces Cyrus's decrees on the Lydians, and then demands Cyme to surrender Pactyes, prompting the Cymaeans to consult the oracle of Branchidae.
ὃ μὲν δὴ1 ταῦτα ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐντειλάμενος ἀπήλαυνε ἐς ἤθεα τὰ Περσέων, Πακτύης δὲ πυθόμενος ἀγχοῦ εἶναι στρατὸν ἐπʼ ἑωυτὸν ἰόντα δείσας οἴχετο φεύγων2 ἐς Κύμην.
Having given these instructions on his way, he marched back to the lands of the Persians; but Pactyes, hearing that an army was near at hand marching against him, became frightened and fled to Cyme.
Μαζάρης δὲ ὁ Μῆδος ἐλάσας ἐπὶ τὰς Σάρδις τοῦ Κύρου στρατοῦ μοῖραν ὅσην δή κοτε ἔχων,3 ὡς οὐκ εὗρε ἔτι ἐόντας τοὺς ἀμφὶ Πακτύην ἐν Σάρδισι, πρῶτα μὲν τοὺς Λυδοὺς ἠνάγκασε τὰς Κύρου ἐντολὰς ἐπιτελέειν, ἐκ τούτου δὲ κελευσμοσύνης Λυδοὶ τὴν πᾶσαν δίαιταν τῆς ζόης μετέβαλον.
Mazares the Mede, having marched against Sardis with a certain portion of Cyrus’s army—however large it might have been—when he found that Pactyes and his followers were no longer in Sardis, first of all compelled the Lydians to carry out Cyrus’s commands; and as a result of this command, the Lydians changed their whole way of life.
Μαζάρης δὲ μετὰ τοῦτο ἔπεμπε ἐς τὴν Κύμην ἀγγέλους ἐκδιδόναι κελεύων Πακτύην. οἱ δὲ Κυμαῖοι ἔγνωσαν συμβουλῆς πέρι ἐς θεὸν ἀνοῖσαι4 τὸν ἐν Βραγχίδῃσι· ἦν γὰρ αὐτόθι μαντήιον ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἱδρυμένον, τῷ Ἴωνές τε πάντες καὶ Αἰολέες ἐώθεσαν χρᾶσθαι. ὁ δὲ χῶρος οὗτος ἐστὶ τῆς Μιλησίης ὑπὲρ Πανόρμου λιμένος.
After this, Mazares sent messengers to Cyme, demanding that they deliver up Pactyes. The Cymaeans decided to refer the matter to the god at Branchidae for counsel; for there had been an oracle established there of old, which all the Ionians and Aeolians were accustomed to consult. This place is in the territory of Miletus, inland from the harbor of Panormus.
- 1.157.1ὃ μὲν δὴ
The demonstrative article ὁ used as a demonstrative pronoun, referring to Cyrus from the preceding context.
- 1.157.1οἴχετο φεύγων
The verb οἴχομαι combined with a present participle expresses that the action has already occurred and the subject is gone ("he had fled and was gone").
- 1.157.2ὅσην δή κοτε ἔχων
The relative pronoun ὅσην accompanied by the generalizing particles δή κοτε, meaning "however large it might have been" or "of whatever size," leaving the exact size of the army unspecified.
- 1.157.3ἔγνωσαν ... ἀνοῖσαι
The aorist active infinitive ἀνοῖσαι (from ἀναφέρω) depends on ἔγνωσαν ("they decided"). In this context, ἀναφέρω means "to refer or submit a matter" to an oracle or higher authority.