- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.145.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-31
The author explains that the Ionians founded twelve cities because they had twelve divisions when they lived in the Peloponnesus, listing the twelve parts of the Achaeans who currently occupy that land.
δυώδεκα δὲ μοι δοκέουσι1 πόλιας ποιήσασθαι οἱ Ἴωνες καὶ οὐκ ἐθελῆσαι πλεῦνας ἐσδέξασθαι τοῦδε εἵνεκα, ὅτι καὶ ὅτε ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ οἴκεον, δυώδεκα ἦν αὐτῶν μέρεα, κατά περ νῦν Ἀχαιῶν τῶν ἐξελασάντων Ἴωνας δυώδεκα ἐστὶ μέρεα, Πελλήνη μέν γε πρώτη πρὸς Σικυῶνος, μετὰ δὲ Αἴγειρα καὶ Αἰγαί, ἐν τῇ Κρᾶθις ποταμὸς ἀείναος ἐστί, ἀπʼ ὅτευ2 ὁ ἐν Ἰταλίῃ ποταμὸς τὸ οὔνομα ἔσχε, καὶ Βοῦρα καὶ Ἑλίκη, ἐς τὴν κατέφυγον Ἴωνες ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν μάχῃ ἑσσωθέντες,3 καὶ Αἴγιον καὶ Ῥύπες καὶ Πατρέες καὶ Φαρέες καὶ Ὤλενος, ἐν τῷ Πεῖρος ποταμὸς μέγας ἐστί, καὶ Δύμη καὶ Τριταιέες, οἳ μοῦνοι τούτων μεσόγαιοι οἰκέουσι. ταῦτα δυώδεκα μέρεα νῦν Ἀχαιῶν ἐστὶ καὶ τότε γε Ἰώνων ἦν.
And the Ionians seem to me to have made twelve cities and to have been unwilling to admit more for this reason, because also when they dwelt in the Peloponnesus, they had twelve parts, just as now there are twelve parts of the Achaeans who drove out the Ionians: Pellene first, on the side of Sicyon; and after it Aegeira and Aegae, in which is the ever-flowing river Crathis, from which the river in Italy got its name; and Bura and Helice, into which the Ionians fled when they were defeated in battle by the Achaeans; and Aegium and Rhypes and Patrae and Pharae and Olenus, in which is the great river Peirus; and Dyme and the Tritaeans, who alone of these dwell inland. These twelve parts are now of the Achaeans, and then at least they were of the Ionians.
- 1.145.1μοι δοκέουσι
The personal construction is used here with the subject οἱ Ἴωνες agreeing with the verb δοκέουσι, instead of the impersonal δοκεῖ with an accusative and infinitive construction.
- 1.145.1ἀπʼ ὅτευ
ὅτευ is the Ionic dialectal form of ὅτου, the genitive singular neuter of the relative pronoun ὅστις. Combined with the preposition ἀπό, it refers back to the river Crathis.
- 1.145.1ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν μάχῃ ἑσσωθέντες
ἑσσωθέντες is the aorist passive participle (masculine plural nominative) of ἑσσόομαι (Attic ἠσσάομαι, 'to be defeated'), agreeing with the subject Ἴωνες. It takes the prepositional phrase of agent ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν ('by the Achaeans').
Translated by Gemini 3.5 Flash (published 2026-05-25) · Revision history (1, latest 2026-09-21)
- 2026-09-21 AI review — source 1