- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:22.13.1-22.13.11
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-10-22
Hannibal attempts to provoke the Romans and decides to march to Campania, but due to a mispronunciation by his guide, he ends up in Casilinum instead of Casinum. Upon realizing the error, Hannibal executes the guide and plunders the Falernian territory, yet the Roman allies remain loyal.
Hannibal ex Hirpinis in Samnium transit, Beneventanum depopulatur agrum, Telesiam urbem capit, inritat etiam de industria ducem Romanum, si forte accensum tot indignitatibus cladibusque sociorum detrahere ad aequum certamen possit.1
Hannibal marched from the Hirpini into Samnium, devastated the territory of Beneventum, captured the city of Telesia, and even deliberately provoked the Roman commander, to see if by chance, inflamed by so many indignities and disasters of the allies, he might drag him down to a fair contest.
inter multitudinem sociorum Italici generis, qui ad Trasumennum capti ab Hannibale dimissique fuerant, tres Campani equites erant, multis iam tum inlecti donis promissisque Hannibalis ad conciliandos popularium animos.
Among the multitude of allies of the Italian race who had been captured at Trasumennus and released by Hannibal, there were three Campanian horsemen, who had already at that time been enticed by many gifts and promises of Hannibal to win over the minds of their fellow countrymen.
hi nuntiantes si in Campaniam exercitum admovisset, Capuae potiendae copiam fore, cum res maior quam auctores esset,2 dubium Hannibalem alternisque fidentem ac diffidentem tamen, ut Campaniam ex Samnio peteret, moverunt.
These men, reporting that if he moved his army into Campania there would be an opportunity to gain possession of Capua, although the matter was of greater importance than its authors, nevertheless moved the doubting Hannibal, who was wavering between trust and distrust, to seek Campania from Samnium.
monitos etiam atque etiam, ut promissa rebus adfirmarent, iussosque cum pluribus et aliquibus principum redire ad se dimisit.
He dismissed them, after having repeatedly warned them to confirm their promises by actions, and ordered them to return to him with more men and some of their leading citizens.
ipse imperat duci, ut se in agrum Casinatem ducat, edoctus a peritis regionum, si eum saltum occupasset, exitum Romano ad opem ferendam sociis3 interclusurum.
He himself ordered the guide to lead him into the territory of Casinum, having been informed by those who knew the country that if he occupied that pass, he would cut off the Roman’s exit for bringing aid to their allies.
sed Punicum abhorrens ab Latinorum nominum pronuntiatione os,4 Casilinum pro Casino dux ut acciperet, fecit, aversusque ab suo itinere per Allifanum Caiatinumque et Calenum agrum campum Stellatem descendit.
But the Carthaginian tongue, which abhorred the pronunciation of Latin names, caused the guide to take Casilinum instead of Casinum, and turning aside from his proper route, he descended through the territories of Allifae, Caiatia, and Cales into the Stellatian plain.
ubi cum montibus fluminibusque clausam regionem circumspexisset, uocatum ducem percunctatur, ubi terrarum esset.
When he had looked around from there upon a region shut in by mountains and rivers, he called the guide and inquired where on earth they were.
cum is Casilini eo die mansurum eum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error, et Casinum longe inde alia regione esse;
When the guide replied that on that day he would stay at Casilinum, then at last the mistake was discovered, and that Casinum was far away from there in another direction.
virgisque caeso duce et ad reliquorum terrorem in crucem sublato, castris communitis, Maharbalem cum equitibus in agrum Falernum praedatum dimisit. usque ad aquas Sinuessanas populatio ea pervenit.
And having scourged the guide with rods and crucified him to terrorize the rest, and having fortified his camp, he sent Maharbal with the cavalry to plunder the Falernian territory. That devastation reached as far as the waters of Sinuessa.
ingentem cladem, fugam tamen terroremque latius Numidae fecerunt;
The Numidians caused immense destruction, but they spread flight and terror even more widely.
nec tamen is terror, cum omnia bello flagrarent, fide socios dimovit, videlicet quia iusto et moderato regebantur imperio nec abnuebant, quod unum vinculum fidei est, melioribus parere.
Yet that terror, though all things were ablaze with war, did not shake the allies from their loyalty, obviously because they were ruled under a just and moderate government, and did not refuse—which is the single bond of loyalty—to obey their betters.
- 22.13.1si forte ... possit
The conjunction si with the subjunctive possit here introduces an clause of purpose or expectation ("to see if" or "in the hope that") depending on the action of inritat.
- 22.13.3cum res maior quam auctores esset
This clause expresses that the undertaking (res, the acquisition of Capua) was too grand or significant to be easily credited on the authority of its proposers (auctores, the three horsemen). The conjunction cum is causal.
- 22.13.5ad opem ferendam sociis
A gerundive construction expressing purpose with the preposition ad and the accusative ferendam agreeing with opem. sociis is the dative governed by ferendam.
- 22.13.6Punicum ... os
The subject of the sentence is the neuter noun os (mouth), used metonymically for Hannibal's pronunciation. This acts as the subject of fecit, which takes a consecutive/substantive clause ut ... acciperet to express causation.